Are cesarean deliveries equitable in India: assessment using benefit incidence analysis

Singh, Rajeev Ranjan; Mishra, Suyash; Mohanty, Sanjay K.

doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07984-6

BMC Health Services Research

Table 5 Utilization rate, out of pocket payment (₹), and Benefit incidence place of residence, educational attainment, states and social group on cesarean delivery by wealth quintile in India, 2015–16

From: Are cesarean deliveries equitable in India: assessment using benefit incidence analysis

	Wealth Quintile	Number of people utilizing public health services (1)	Utilization Rate (2)	Median OOP in Public Health services in ₹ (3)	Median cost of service in private health center in ₹ (4)	Net subsidy at public health center in ₹ (5 = 4–3)	*Individual Subsidy Benefit (6 = 52)**	Benefit Incidence (7)
Urban	Poorest	787	0.175	3100	20,350	17,250	3023	17.2
	Poorer	1133	0.252	2500	20,350	17,850	4503	25.6
	Middle	1040	0.232	3100	20,350	17,250	3995	22.7
	Richer	857	0.191	3020	20,350	17,330	3307	18.8
	Richest	674	0.150	2100	20,350	18,250	2739	15.6
	Total	4491					17,567
Rural	Poorest	730	0.090	4000	20,000	16,000	1432	8.7
	Poorer	1240	0.152	4000	20,000	16,000	2433	14.7
	Middle	1789	0.219	4000	20,000	16,000	3510	21.2
	Richer	2248	0.276	3000	20,000	17,000	4686	28.3
	Richest	2148	0.263	3000	20,000	17,000	4478	27.1
	Total	8155					16,539
LPS	Poorest	505	0.084	3500	21,000	17,500	1471	8.5
	Poorer	797	0.133	5000	21,000	16,000	2123	12.3
	Middle	1225	0.204	4800	21,000	16,200	3304	19.1
	Richer	1742	0.290	3500	21,000	17,500	5075	29.3
	Richest	1738	0.289	2500	21,000	18,500	5353	30.9
	Total	6007					17,325
HPS	Poorest	1204	0.181	3700	20,000	16,300	2956	17.4
	Poorer	1439	0.217	3030	20,000	16,970	3678	21.6
	Middle	1561	0.235	2600	20,000	17,400	4091	24.1
	Richer	1406	0.212	3100	20,000	16,900	3579	21.0
	Richest	1029	0.155	2530	20,000	17,470	2708	15.9
	Total	6639					17,012
Education less than 5 Years	Poorest	214	0.097	3100	19,000	15,900	1538	9.9
	Poorer	282	0.127	4800	19,000	14,200	1809	11.6
	Middle	417	0.188	4000	19,000	15,000	2826	18.2
	Richer	580	0.262	3040	19,000	15,960	4183	26.9
	Richest	720	0.325	3000	19,000	16,000	5206	33.5
	Total	2213					15,562
Education more than 5 Years	Poorest	1374	0.132	4000	20,000	16,000	2107	12.5
	Poorer	2141	0.205	3500	20,000	16,500	3386	20.1
	Middle	2548	0.244	3000	20,000	17,000	4152	24.6
	Richer	2461	0.236	3000	20,000	17,000	4010	23.8
	Richest	1909	0.183	2500	20,000	17,500	3202	19.0
	Total	10,433					16,857
Scheduled caste/Scheduled Tribe	Poorest	346	0.082	3500	20,000	16,500	1352	8.1
	Poorer	597	0.141	4400	20,000	15,600	2205	13.2
	Middle	900	0.213	4200	20,000	15,800	3366	20.1
	Richer	1168	0.277	2550	20,000	17,450	4825	28.8
	Richest	1213	0.287	2530	20,000	17,470	5017	29.9
	Total	4224					16,765
OBC	Poorest	417	0.099	3000	20,000	17,000	1689	9.7
	Poorer	715	0.170	3000	20,000	17,000	2895	16.6
	Middle	1023	0.244	2330	20,000	17,670	4306	24.6
	Richer	1161	0.277	2500	20,000	17,500	4840	27.7
	Richest	882	0.210	2100	20,000	17,900	3761	21.5
	Total	4198					17,491
Others	Poorest	589	0.139	5300	20,000	14,700	2050	12.8
	Poorer	959	0.227	4800	20,000	15,200	3451	21.5
	Middle	1042	0.247	3500	20,000	16,500	4070	25.3
	Richer	924	0.219	3850	20,000	16,150	3533	22.0
	Richest	710	0.168	2300	20,000	17,700	2975	18.5
	Total	4224					16,079

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