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Table 2 Total health and LTC expenditures by characteristics of older adults in 2017

From: Total care expenditures and their drivers among older adults: A study on health and long-term care expenditures in South Korea

Characteristics

% of N

Total care expenditures

 
  

Mean

(USD)

SD

(USD)

Between group comparison

LSD

 

Total

650,059

15,089.28

8,066.57

  

Sex*

(a) Male

26.8

15,462.13

9,433.11

t = 509.533

(p < 0.01)

a > b

(b) Female

73.2

14,952.59

7,498.89

 

Age*

(a) 60–64

5.0

16,970.68

10,486.67

F 4,650,054

 = 2447.275

(p < 0.01)

a > b > c > d > e

(b) 65–74

16.9

16,703.98

10,262.26

 

(c) 75–84

46.6

15,004.61

7,736.72

 

(d) 85–94

29.1

14,063.26

6,447.48

 

(e) Above 95

2.4

13,897.00

5,878.48

 

Economic

status*

(a) Dependent on full

basic livelihood security

18.1

15,781.39

7,288.44

F 2,650,056

 = 583.940

(p < 0.01)

a > b > c

(b) Dependent on partial basic livelihood security

19.8

14,734.95

7,857.08

 

(c) General

62.1

15,000.00

8,332.94

 

Care needs level*

(a) 1

4.2

21,209.58

10,929.88

F 4,650,054

 = 10,074.386

(p < 0.01)

a > c > d

(b) 2

10.3

18,246.03

8,450.44

a > b > e

(c) 3

34.7

15,369.20

7,704.04

 

(d) 4

42.9

13,272.05

6,909.57

 

(e) 5

8.0

10,879.08

5,693.55

 

Disability*

(a) None

59.1

14,337.73

6,946.24

F 5,650,053 = 8244.702

(p < 0.01)

f > b > d

(b) Physically handicapped

15.1

14,839.00

7,572.52

f > c > a > e

(c) Cerebral

15.0

16,774.51

9,323.43

 

(d) Visual

3.1

14,376.93

7,699.10

 

(e) Hearing

4.8

13,994.97

6,970.44

 

(f) Complex disability and others

3.0

25,096.14

15,064.99

 

Cohabitant*

(a) Alone

19.7

12,906.55

6,457.00

F 5,650,053

 = 20,119.885

(p < 0.01)

f > e > b > d > a

((b) Spouse (husband or wife)

23.0

14,290.66

8,861.02

b > c

(c) Family member

32.2

13,213.33

7,625.53

 

(d) Relative or/and neighbors

0.8

13,886.07

7,541.12

 

(e) In a residential facility

18.4

19,541.51

4,549.63

 

(f) Other

5.9

22,050.31

10,978.99

 

Disease*

(a) Dementia

27.7

14,867.18

6,604.44

F 8,650,051

 = 1488.488

(p < 0.01)

c > a

(b) Cerebrovascular disease (CVD)

16.9

16,307.94

9,274.41

b > d > k

(c) Dementia + CVD

5.4

16,966.68

8,282.91

i > e > c > a > d > g

(d) Hypertension

1.4

13,930.41

8,151.74

i > e > j > k

(e) Diabetes mellitus

1.7

18,600.01

12,059.80

i > e > j > g

(f) Arthritis

9.7

13,144.28

6,445.92

 

(g) Back and hipbone pain

13.7

13,424.40

6,723.18

 

(h) Fracture and dislocation

8.9

14,880.83

7,488.59

 

(i) Cancer

1.7

18,975.52

13,422.60

 

(j) Dyspnea

0.6

15,101.01

9,682.01

 

(k) Hearing loss

0.2

11,303.07

6,681.18

 

(l) Cataract

1.2

13,051.61

6,975.54

 

(m) Other

9.2

16,186.11

9,866.33

 

(n) None

1.8

15,720.94

7,830.13

 
  1. SD: Standard deviation, LSD: least significant difference, *statistically significant at p < 0.01, bold numbers were the highest expenditure within each characteristic