Non-communicable disease prevention in Kosovo: quantitative and qualitative assessment of uptake and barriers of an intervention for healthier lifestyles in primary healthcare

Bytyci-Katanolli, Ariana; Merten, Sonja; Kwiatkowski, Marek; Obas, Katrina; Gerold, Jana; Zahorka, Manfred; Jerliu, Naim; Ramadani, Qamile; Fota, Nicu; Probst-Hensch, Nicole

doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07969-5

Table 3 Stages of change according to lifestyle comparing intervention and non-intervention municipalities, all participants and restricted to participants obtaining motivational counselling in intervention municipalities, additionally stratified by presence/absence of at least one self-reported doctor’s diagnosis (diabetes, hypertension, CVD) overall and by presence/absence of at least one self-reported doctor’s diagnosis (diabetes, hypertension, CVD)

From: Non-communicable disease prevention in Kosovo: quantitative and qualitative assessment of uptake and barriers of an intervention for healthier lifestyles in primary healthcare

All participants
	Current Smokers^a (n = 155)*			Physically inactive^a (n = 374)*			Unhealthy eaters^a (n = 831)*			Alcohol consumers^a (n = 34)*
Stage of change	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities
Stage of change	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities
Maintenance	1 (12.5)	1 (2.6)	4 (3.7)	6 (9.5)	33(22.9)	24(11.6)	7(9.5)	112(42.8)	117(13.6)	0 (0.0)	3 (25.0)	1(5.3)
Action	0 (0.0)	5 (13.1)	1 (0.9)	14(22.2)	45(31.3)	21(10.5)	20(27.8)	57(21.8)	35(7.9)	1 (33.3)	2 (16.7)	5(26.3))
Preparation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	30(47.6)	37(25.9)	3(1.5)	44(59.5)	67(25.6)	4(0.8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Contemplation	0 (0.0)	1 (2.6)	1 (0.9)	2(3.2)	4(2.8)	0(0.0)	3(4.9)	3(1.1)	2(0.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Precontemplation	7 (87.5)	31(81.6)	103 (94.5)	11(7.5)	25(17.4)	159(76.8)	0(0.0)	23(8.8)	337(68.9)	2 (66.6)	7 (58.3)	13(64.4)
Participants with at least one self-reported diagnoses^b
	Current Smokers^a (n = 126)*			Physically inactive^a (n = 414)*			Unhealthy eaters^a (n = 706)*			Alcohol consumers^a (n = 26)*
Stage of change	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities
Stage of change	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities
Maintenance	1 (14.2)	1 (3.2)	2 (2.3)	6 (9.6)	28 (23.1)	21 (12.1)	7 (9.5)	87 (40.6)	104 (24.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (11.1)	0 (0.0)
Action	0 (0.0)	4 (12.9)	1 (1.1)	14 (22.5)	38 (31.4)	17 (9.8)	19 (26.0)	48 (22.4)	32 (7.6)	1 (33.3)	2 (22.2)	4 (28.5)
Preparation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	29 (46.7)	33 (27.2)	2 (1.1)	44 (60.2)	61 (28.5)	4 (0.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Contemplation	0 (0.0)	1 (3.2)	1 (1.1)	2 (3.2)	4 (3.1)	0 (0.0)	3 (4.1)	3 (1.4)	2 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Precontemplation	6 (85.7)	25 (80.6)	84 (95.4)	11 (17.7)	18 (14.8)	133 (76.8)	0 (0.0)	15 (7.0)	277 (66.1)	2 (66.6)	6 (66.6)	10 (71.4)
Participants without any self-reported diagnosis^b
	Current Smokers^a (n = 29)			Physically inactive^a (n = 58)			Unhealthy eaters^a (n = 125)			Alcohol consumers^a (n = 8)
Stage of change	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities	Intervention Municipalities		Non-Intervention Municipalities
Stage of change	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities	Yes^c	No^c	Non-Intervention Municipalities
Maintenance	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (9.5)	0 (0.0)	5 (21.7)	3 (8.8)	0 (0.0)	25 (52.0)	13 (17.1)	0 (0.0)	2 (66.6)	1 (20.0)
Action	0 (0.0)	1 (14.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	7 (30.4)	4 (11.7)	1(100)	9 (18.7)	3 (3.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (20.0)
Preparation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (100)	4 (17.3)	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	6 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Contemplation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Precontemplation	1 (100)	6 (85.7)	19 (90.4)	0 (0.0)	7 (30.4)	26 (76.4)	0 (0.0)	8 (16.6)	60 (78.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (33.3)	3 (60.0)

^aAnalysis restricted to: current smokers; physical inactivity, unhealthy eaters; alcohol consumers at follow-up, respectively. Only analyzing participants who are within the 5 categories of stages of change (‘Relapse’ and ‘Refused’ categories are not included in the analysis). Stages of change: Follow-up 1 data
^bSelf-reported doctor’s diagnosis at either Baseline or Follow-up 1
^cYes - Received at least 1 motivational counselling session; No - Did not receive any motivational counselling session

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