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Table 1 Collected patient-, clinical-, hospital-, and ICT-related factors. During the study, the following patient-, clinical-, hospital-, and ICT-related factors were collected from the patient, electronical health record or personal health record

From: Usability and perceived usefulness of patient-centered medication reconciliation using a personalized health record: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Variable

Source of information

Additional explanation

Patient-related factors

Patient’s age

Patient

–

Patient’s gender

Patient

–

Patient’s highest education level based on the Dutch standard educational classification

Patient

The education level was based on the Dutch standard educational classification.

Patient’s experience with digital devices (including device usage time)

Patient

Experience with digital devices was scored from low (score 1) to high (score 10). The hours a week of private internet use was classified into: 0–7, 7–14, 14–28 h or more than 28 h.

Patient’s knowledge of the indication of each drug

Patient

Patients indicated if they knew the indication(s) of all their drugs, a part of their drugs of none of their drugs.

Clinical-related factors

The number of drugs on the BPMH

Personal health record

The number of drugs was determined from the BPMH created prior to the hospital visit.

The number of specialism-related drugs on the BPMH

Personal health record

Three pharmacists composed a list of ATC-codes which was related with the admitted medical specialism (cardiology, neurology, internal medicine, rheumatology and pulmonary ward). Subsequently, for each patient the number of drugs categorized to the ATC-codes related with their admitted department was counted.

The number of over-the-counter medications

Patient

Drugs which were sold to patients without a doctor’s prescription were classified as over-the-counter medication.

The number of changes in patient’s drug list in the last 12 months

Personal health record

The number of changes was calculated from the registered period of use of the drugs in the last 12 months prior to the hospital visit. Changes in the patient’s drug list included changes in dose and frequency.

The number of known comorbidities

Personal health record

All diagnoses in the patient’s medical record with the status ‘current’ were taken into account. To make sure that the list was complete and correct, the information was checked and supplemented with comorbidities based on drug information of the BPMH.

The number of years under treatment of the specialist

Electronic health record

The number of years between the first registered contact with the specialist and the current hospital visit was calculated.

The number of different prescribers (except for the general practitioner)

Patient

–

Hospital-related factors

The type of prescriber during the outpatient rheumatologic visit

Electronic health record

The outpatient visit was performed by a physician assistant or rheumatologist.

The reason for the outpatient rheumatologic visit

Patient

The reasons for the visit were categorized into: diagnosis, new disease, follow-up appointment or other reasons.

The number of outpatient visits to the specialist in the last 12 months

Electronic health record

Registered outpatient visits to the admitted medical department were counted.

The number of hospitalization at the admitted department in the last 12 months

Electronic health record

Registered hospitalizations to the admitted medical department in the Amphia Hospital were counted.

ICT-related factors

The number of logins to the PHR 12 months before the appointment

Personal health record

–

The type of device to log in to the PHR

Patient

The type of device was categorised into: computer, tablet or smartphone.

The availability of data import from the NMRS in the PHR

Personal health record

The NMRS contain patients’ medication dispensing data form all pharmacies in the Netherlands. If data from the NMRS is not available, inpatients see a blank medication list. If the patient had used the PHR before, the previous medication list is shown. If data from the NMRS is not available at the outpatient clinic, patients see their drug list registered in the EHR.

The available time for patients to log in to the PHR

Personal health record

The available time for patients to log in to the PHR was the number of days between sending the invitation of the PHR and the day prior to the hospital visit.

The number of days between sending the invitation and the patients login to the PHR

Personal health record

–

The usage of the PHR with or without help from others

Patient

–

The use of other drug-related functions of the PHR

Patient

Other drug-related functions were classified as requesting a prescription refill and printing a current medication list.

The proportion of logins to the PHR up to 12 months after the hospital visit

Personal health record

The proportion of logins was calculated as the number of logins divided by the number of sent invitations.

  1. Abbreviations: ATC-classification anatomical therapeutic chemical classification, BPMH best possible medication history, EHR electronic health record, MR medication reconciliation, PHR personal health record, NMRS nationwide medication record system