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Table 3 Moderating impact of service availability and readiness on LEAP 1000 impacts on NHIS enrolment

From: Health services availability and readiness moderate cash transfer impacts on health insurance enrolment: evidence from the LEAP 1000 cash transfer program in Ghana

Ā 

Ages 7-17 years at end-line

Ages 18+years at end-line

Women of reproductive age (15-49 years)

DD (Treatment*time)

0.08

0.09

0.10

Ā 

(0.06)

(0.04) **

(0.06) *

Treatment

-0.02

0.01

0.03

Ā 

(0.05)

(0.03)

(0.04)

Time

-0.08

0.00

-0.08

Ā 

(0.05)

(0.03)

(0.04) **

Service quality readiness tertiles

Lowest (Ref)

Middle

-0.06

-0.09

-0.09

Ā 

(0.07)

(0.04)**

(0.06)

Highest

0.00

0.00

0.03

Ā 

(0.07)

(0.04)

(0.06)

Moderating impact of service quality readiness tertiles

(a) Treatment

Lowest*Treatment (Ref)

Middle*Treatment

0.03

0.02

0.04

Ā 

(0.06)

(0.04)

(0.05)

Highest*Treatment

-0.05

-0.05

-0.11

Ā 

(0.06)

(0.04)

(0.04) **

(b) Time

Lowest*Time(Ref)

Middle*Time

-0.04

-0.02

0.03

Ā 

(0.06)

(0.04)

(0.05)

Highest*Time

-0.12

-0.13

-0.13

Ā 

(0.09)

(0.05) **

(0.06) **

(c) DDD

Lowest*Treatment*Time (Ref)

Middle*Treatment*Time

0.05

0.07

0.01

Ā 

(0.08)

(0.05)

(0.07)

Highest*Treatment*Time

0.12

0.10

0.15

Ā 

(0.08)

(0.05) *

(0.07) **

PMT score

-0.18

0.02

0.03

Ā 

(0.21)

(0.16)

(0.18)

Household size

-0.01

0.00

-0.01

Ā 

(0.00) ***

(0.00) *

(0.00) ***

Head is female

0.01

0.07

0.02

Ā 

(0.03)

(0.02) **

(0.03)

Age of head

0.00

0.00

0.00

Ā 

(0.00)

(0.00)

(0.00)

Head no formal schooling

-0.07

-0.03

-0.03

Ā 

(0.03) **

(0.02) *

(0.02)

N

8,374

12,218

5,910

Total impact ā€“ low SARA tertile

0.08

(0.06)

0.09

(0.04)**

0.10 (0.06)*

Total impact ā€“ middle SARA tertile

0.13

(0.05)***

0.15

(0.03)***

0.11 (0.04)***

Total impact ā€“ highest SARA tertile

0.20

(0.06)***

0.18

(0.03)***

0.25 (0.05)***

  1. DID Difference-in-difference, NHIS National Health Insurance Scheme, PMT Proxy means test, Ref Reference category
  2. Source: Authorsā€™ analysis; All regressions include the following covariates at baseline: age, dummy for female (0,1), household headā€™s age, dummy for having no formal education (0,1), dummy for women household head (0,1), PMT score, household size
  3. Impact from DID estimates; impact on ever NHIS enrolment from single difference estimates. Analysis restricted to a panel sample. Robust standard errors in parentheses clustered at the community level. Total impacts on middle and highest quality tertiles estimated with Lincom command in Stata
  4. *p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01