Table 3 Comparison of model structures in the included studies

 1

Simon E. et al., 2013 [34]

Decision tree

2 years

Trial data

Cost, probabilities, children and parents scores for anxiety questionnaires (ADIS) to assess the presence and severity of anxiety diagnoses in the children)

2012 Euro

‘ADIS improved’ child

 2

Gospodarevskaya E. & Segal L., 2012 [26]

Decision tree and Markov model

1 year decision tree

30 years Markov

Trial data, Existing databases and published literature

Clinical effectiveness for treating PTSD, probabilities for disease pathways, mortality, mental health care resource use, cost and utility values.

2010/2011 Australian dollars

Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained

 3

Mihalopoulos C. et al., 2015 [27]*

Simulated population cohort decision-tree model

5 years

Existing databases and published literature

PTSD prevalence, proportions related to current practice of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), parameters related to benefits and resource use of CBT and utility values

2011/2012 Australian dollars

QALYs gained

Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted

 4

Shearer J. et al., 2018 [31]

Decision tree and Markov model

3 years

(Decision tree- 11 weeks trial

Markov

2 years 9 months)

Trial data and published literature

Intervention and comparator efficacy, transition probabilities, costs and utility values (By mapping parents’ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores to the Child Health Utility index- 9D using a published mapping algorithm

2014

British Pounds

QALYs gained

 5

Mavranezouli I. et al., 2020 [32]

Decision tree and Markov model

3 years

Existing databases and published literature

Intervention cost per person for each psychological intervention

utility data from Gospodarevskaya (2013) and Shearer et al. (2018)

2017 British Pounds

QALYs gained

 6

Mihalopoulos C. et al., 2012 [28]

Markov model

5 years

Existing databases and published literature

Proportions and efficacy data related to the intervention, duration and severity data related to depression, intervention costs, time and travel costs

2003 Australian dollars

DALYs averted

 7

Lee YY. et al., 2017 [29]

Multiple cohort Markov model

10-year time horizon

Existing databases and published literature

Weighted average of global burden of disease 2013 disability weights for mild, moderate and severe depression Cost data and effect sizes

2013 Australian dollars

DALYs averted

 8

Ssegonja R. et al., 2020 [35]

Markov cohort model

Two time horizons

1. 5 years

2. 10 years

Published literature

Intervention effectiveness inputs were derived from a recent systematic review and meta-analysis (Ssegonja et al., 2018). utility values

Cost data

2018 US dollars

Proportion of cases of depression prevented

QALYs gained

 9

Byford S. et al., 2019 [36]

Decision tree

12 months

Data collected in the cost study and followed the same timeline (12 months)

Probabilities -based on the number of people in each remission or relapse state in each arm at the two time points (i.e. The 6- and 12-month follow-ups)

Costs estimated directly from the study data

2015/16 British pounds

Change in Children’s Global Assessment Scale score

 10

Le LK-D. et al., 2017 [30]

Markov model

6 years

Published literature and existing databases

Intervention cost

Disability weights

Intervention and comparator efficacy, relapse and remission data

2013 Australian dollars

DALYs averted

 11

Cottrell DJ. et al., 2018 [33]

Markov model

Up to 5 years after randomization.

Trial data and published literature

Participant cost and utility data were available at 6, 12 and 18 months from the trial data and were directly included into the model to estimate longer-term costs and health benefits

British pounds

QALY gained

 12

Freriks RD. et al., 2019 [37]

Markov model

10 years beyond the 14-month trial period

Trial data- from a USA study, published literature and existing databases

Disease probabilities and treatment costs from trial data

Criminal related cost-trial data- published literature and existing databases.

US dollars (Not mentioned)

Life-years of serious delinquent behavior prevented