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Table 2 Study characteristics

From: Cost-effectiveness analysis of paediatric mental health interventions: a systematic review of model-based economic evaluations

No

Authors, Year

Country

Study setting

Study population/ sample

Perspective

Intervention

Comparator

Discount rate

Anxiety & PTSD

 1

Simon E. et al., 2013 [34]

The Netherlands

School setting, then referral if necessary

Children (aged 8–12), high and median anxious

Societal

1. School-based screening child-focused intervention,

2. Screening and offering of a parent-focused intervention,

3. Screening and differentially offering a child- or parent focused intervention, based on parents’ anxious status

No intervention

Cost 4%

 2

Gospodarevskaya E. & Segal L., 2012 [26]

Australia

Health care setting

10-year-old children who met either all or most of the PTSD diagnostic criteria

Health care system

1. Cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)

2. TF-CBT combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

3. Non-directive counselling

No treatment

Both cost and effects 5%

 3

Mihalopoulos C. et al., 2015 [27]

Australia

Health care setting

Prevalent cases of PTSD estimated for the Australian population of 2012 children under 16 years

Health care system

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) in children

Current practice in Australia.

Both cost and effects 3%

 4

Shearer J. et al., 2018 [31]

UK

Hospital setting

Children aged 8–17 years, diagnosed with PTSD

Health care system

Cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD)

Usual care

Both cost and effects 3.5%

 5

Mavranezouli I. et al., 2020 [32]

UK

National Health Service and personal social services in England

Children and young people (aged under 18 years) with clinically important PTSD symptoms

Health care system

10 psychological interventions

1. Cognitive therapy for PTSD (TF-CBT)

2. Cohen TF-CBT

3. Narrative exposure therapy (TF-CBT)

4. Exposure/ prolonged exposure therapy (TF-CBT)

5. Group CBT (TF-CBT)

6. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)

7. Family therapy

8. Play therapy

9. Parent training

10. Supportive counselling

No treatment

Both cost and effects 3.5%

Depression

 6

Mihalopoulos C. et al., 2012 [28]

Australia

School setting

11- to 17-year-old children and adolescents in the 2003 Australian population

Health care system

Population-level preventive intervention that screens children and adolescents for symptoms of depression in schools and the subsequent provision of a psychological intervention to those showing elevated signs of depression.

No intervention

Both cost and effects 3%

 7

Lee YY. et al., 2017 [29]

Australia

Primary and secondary schools

Youth aged 11–17 years in the 2013 Australian population.

health and education sector

1) Universal prevention involving group-based psychological interventions delivered to all participating school students.

2) Indicated prevention involving group-based psychological interventions delivered to students with subthreshold depression.

No intervention

Both cost and effects 3%

 8

Ssegonja R. et al., 2020 [35]

Sweden

School setting

A hypothetical homogeneous cohort of adolescents at a start-age of 15 years with subsyndromal depression (SD)

Health care system and limited societal perspective

Group based cognitive behavioural therapy (GB-CBT)

No intervention

Both cost and effects 3%

Anorexia nervosa

 9

Byford S. et al., 2019 [36]

UK and Ireland

Community-based secondary or tertiary child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS)

Hypothetical cohort of children aged 8–17 years in contact with CAMHS for a first episode of anorexia nervosa

Health care system

Community-based specialist eating disorders services

Generic CAMHS care

Not done as the follow up not more than 12 months.

 10

Le LK-D. et al., 2017 [30]

Australia

Youth aged 11–17 years in the 2013 Australian population.

The target population was 11–18 year olds with anorexia nervosa

Health care system

Family-based treatment (FBT) compared to adolescent-focused individual therapy (AFT)

No intervention

Both cost and effects 3%

Other

 11

Cottrell DJ. et al., 2018 [33]

UK

Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) across three English regions.

Young people aged 11–17 years who had self-harmed at least twice presenting to CAMHS following self-harm.

Health care system

Family therapy (FT) delivered by trained and supervised family therapists (n = 415)

Treatment as usual (TAU) offered by local CAMHS following self-harm (n = 417)

Both cost and effects 3.5%

 12

Freriks RD. et al., 2019 [37]

USA

Health care setting

Children 7–10 years, participated in Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD in United States

Not explicitly stated. But mentioned as societal cost and outcome in the abstract and discussion sections.

Three major forms of ADHD treatment (medication management, behavioral treatment, and the combination)

Routine community care

Both cost and effects 3%