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Table 2 Receipt of BD vaccination by maternal, health system and infant characteristics

From: Coverage, inequity and predictors of hepatitis B birth vaccination in Myanmar from 2011–2016: results from a national survey

Characteristics

Received

BD vaccine

Univariate Associations

Model 1c

N = 3486

Model 2d

N = 3486

n(row %)

OR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

aOR

95% CI

Delivery year

 2011

126 (30)

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

 2012

158 (24)

0.76

0.56, 1.04

0.75

0.55, 1.02

0.72

0.51, 1.02

 2013

193 (29)

0.99

0.74, 1.32

1.00

0.74, 1.34

0.85

0.61, 1.19

 2014

237 (30)

1.01

0.75, 1.37

0.96

0.71, 1.31

0.72

0.52, 0.99

 2015

175 (20)

0.60*

0.45, 0.81

0.56*

0.41, 0.77

0.41*

0.29, 0.58

 2016

11 (10)

0.25*

0.09, 0.66

0.25*

0.10, 0.62

0.18*

0.07, 0.44

Maternal characteristics

 Age at delivery

  15–20

76 (21)

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

  21–25

223 (26)

1.40

0.99, 1.97

1.35

0.94, 1.94

1.20

0.83, 1.73

  26–30

259 (27)

1.46*

1.02, 2.09

1.41

0.97, 2.03

1.26

0.86, 1.86

  31–49

342 (26)

1.34

0.98, 1.84

1.31

0.94, 1.82

1.09

0.78, 1.53

 Primiparous

  No

513 (22)

1.0 (ref)

     

  Yes

386 (32)

1.63*

1.34, 1.98

    

 Education

  None

95 (17)

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

  Primary

384 (21)

1.33

0.95, 1.87

1.12

0.79, 1.59

0.78

0.55, 1.11

  Secondary

281 (33)

2.43*

1.69, 3.50

1.42

0.98, 2.06

0.76

0.51, 1.14

  Higher

139 (47)

4.37*

2.78, 6.85

1.74*

1.06, 2.86

0.80

0.48, 1.33

 Household wealth quintiles

  Poorest

181 (20)

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

  Poorer

164 (21)

1.09

0.83, 1.44

1.02

0.79, 1.59

0.81

0.59, 1.12

  Middle

180 (27)

1.55*

1.16, 2.07

1.51*

1.11, 2.06

1.00

0.71, 1.41

  Richer

178 (31)

1.82*

1.30, 2.54

1.68*

1.18, 2.38

1.97

0.67, 1.42

  Richest

197 (35)

2.21*

1.55, 3.16

1.96*

1.31, 2.94

0.90

0.58, 1.41

 Urban area

  No

532 (20)

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

366 (45)

3.23*

2.46, 4.24

2.68*

2.05, 3.50

1.13

0.83, 1.55

 Geographic zonea

  Delta

383 (33)

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

1.0 (ref)

 

  Central

246 (22)

0.59*

0.44, 0.80

0.62*

0.45, 0.83

0.65*

0.48, 0.88

  Coastal

77 (17)

0.43*

0.30, 0.61

0.56*

0.40, 0.80

0.61*

0.42, 0.89

  Hilly

192 (26)

0.71

0.51, 1.00

0.81

0.58, 1.13

0.99

0.67, 1.46

 Weekly media exposure

  No

229 (17)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

670 (32)

2.35*

1.88, 2.93

  

1.36*

1.07, 1.72

Health system characteristics

 Recommended ANC servicesb

  No

291 (17)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

583 (39)

3.31*

2.66, 4.12

  

1.65*

1.24, 2.19

 Prepartum tetanus vaccine (n = 3429)

  No

58 (25)

1.0 (ref)

     

  Yes

798 (27)

1.11

0.77, 1.59

    

 First trimester ANC (n = 3429)

  No

457 (28)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

395 (28)

1.01

0.81, 1.26

  

0.91

0.72, 1.15

Number of ANC contacts (n = 3289)

  0

25 (10)

0.47*

0.26, 0.84

  

0.70

0.37, 1.32

  1–3

179 (19)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  4–7

398 (28)

1.67*

1.32, 2.11

  

1.02

0.78, 1.33

   ≥ 8

269 (44)

3.48*

2.60, 4.65

  

1.23

0.87, 1.75

ANC location (n = 3308)

  Government hospital only

259 (40)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Government clinic only

283 (21)

0.40*

0.31, 0.51

  

0.80

0.59, 1.08

  Private hospital/clinic only

135 (48)

1.36

0.95, 1.94

  

0.98

0.62, 1.56

  Home only

96 (17)

0.31

0.22, 0.44

  

1.01

0.68, 1.50

  Multiple locations

81 (37)

0.89*

0.60, 1.34

  

0.89

0.58, 1.37

Delivery location

  Government hospital

479 (44)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Government clinic

24 (24)

0.40

0.21, 0.76

  

0.50*

0.26, 0.96

  Private hospital/clinic

144 (56)

1.57*

1.09, 2.25

  

1.19

0.77, 1.84

  Home

252 (12)

0.17*

0.14, 0.22

  

0.32*

0.23, 0.44

Skilled delivery provider

  No

139 (11)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

760 (34)

4.15*

3.15, 5.46

  

1.11

0.77, 1.62

 Cesarean delivery (n = 3474)

  No

538 (19)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

353 (51)

4.42*

3.59, 5.45

  

1.49*

1.14, 1.95

 Postnatal health check (n = 2663)

  No

476 (26)

1.0 (ref)

     

  Yes

281 (33)

1.34*

1.06, 1.68

    

Infant characteristics

 Low birthweight (n = 1732)

  No

615 (38)

1.0 (ref)

   

1.0 (ref)

 

  Yes

41 (31)

0.72

0.48, 1.09

  

0.75

0.48, 1.15

  1. n are weighted counts, rounded to the nearest whole number. OR Odds Ratio, aOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, rounded to the nearest hundredth, Ref reference value
  2. * p < 0.05
  3. aGeographic zones: Delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon), Central (Magway, Mandalay, Naypyitaw, Sagaing), Coastal (Mon, Rakhine, Tanintharyi), Hilly (Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Shan)
  4. bRecommended ANC services included blood pressure, urine and blood tests from a skilled provider
  5. cModel 1 includes maternal sociodemographic characteristics (delivery year, age, education, household wealth, geographic zones, urban area)
  6. dModel 2 is adjusted for all variables in Model 1 as well as media, health system, and infant factors
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BMC Health Services Research

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