Variables (Ref = Less than 90 daysa) | 90 to 365 days | One to two years | Over two years | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] |
Female (ref: male) | ||||||
 | 1.02 [0.95–1.10] | 0.84 [0.68–1.03] | 1.07 [.99–1.15]a | 0.94 [0.75–1.19] | 1.14 [1.07–1.21] | 1.13 [.91–1.39] |
Age Groups (ref: 65+) | ||||||
 < 25 | 0.68 [0.45–1.00] | 1.6 [.64–4.19] | 0.82 [.52–1.30] | 4.60 [1.78–11.88]a | 1.22 [.80–1.9] | 5.37 [2.20–13.13]a |
 25–45 | 0.79 [0.53–1.21] | 1.62 [0.67–3.90] | 0.88 [0.56–1.40] | 4.30 [1.71–10.77 | 1.60 [1.06–2.40] | 5.96 [2.54–13.9]b |
 46–65 | 0.77 [0.51–1.21] | 1.30 [0.51–3.31] | 1.00 [0.64–1.60] | 3.24 [1.16–9.05]a | 2.21 [1.46–3.40]b | 4.67 [1.82–11.95]a |
The geographical location (ref: Southern urban) | ||||||
 Southern rural | 1.12 [0.92–1.3] | 1.07 [0.61–1.86] | 0.67 [0.20–2.35] | 1.20 [0.71–2.35] | 1.50 [1.28–1.82] | 1.97 [1.15–3.97]a |
 Northern urban | 1.22 [1.08–1.3] | 0.99 [0.75–1.29] | 1.10 [1.03–1.26] | 0.88 [0.66–1.76] | 1.40 [1.27–1.50] | 1.09 [1.15–3.39]a |
 Northern rural | 1.50 [1.24–1.79]a | 0.92 [0.56–1.50] | 1.50 [1.24–1.84]a | 0.94 [0.56–1.57] | 1.80 [1.52–2.12] | 1.29 [0.79–2.09] |
Methadone Starting medication (ref: Buprenorphine/naloxone) | ||||||
 | 0.81 [0.75–.87]a | 0.80 [0.64–1.01]a | 0.57 [0.52–.61]a | 0.61 [0.48–0.78]a | 0.35 [0.32–0.37]a | 0.50 [0.40–0.63]a |
Number of treatment attempts | ||||||
 | 1.09 [1.15–1.19]a | 1.15 [1.04–1.18]a | 1.20 [1.15–1.19]a | 1.17 [1.13–1.21]a | 1.00 [0.99–1.02] | 1.01 [0.96–1.04] |
Average monthly UDS | ||||||
 | 1.52 [1.48–1.54]a | 1.52 [1.42–1.61]a | 1.40 [1.37–1.43]a | 1.56 [1.46–1.67]a | 1.21 [1.19–1.23] | 1.33 [1.25–1.40]a |
Amphetamine-type stimulant UDS Groups (ref: 0–25%) | ||||||
 25–50% | 1.70 [1.15–1.25] | 0.83 [0.59–1.17] | 1.46 [1.24–1.71]a | 0.65 [0.46–0.96]a | 1.13 [0.98–1.29] | 0.60 [0.47–0.94]a |
 50–75% | 0.93 [0.81–1.06] | 0.47 [0.34–0.66]a | 0.74 [0.64–0.87]a | 0.36 [0.26–0.54]a | 0.48 [0.21–0.26]a | 0.24 [0.17–0.35]a |
 75–100% | 0.62 [0.56–0.69]a | 0.55 [0.41–0.75]a | 0.40 [0.36–0.46] | 0.37 [0.26–0.52]a | 0.24 [0.42–0.55]a | 0.27 [0.19–0.38]a |
Fentanyl UDS groups (ref: 0–25%) | ||||||
 25–50% | 2.23 [1.90–2.63]a | 1.42 [0.96–2.03]a | 2.32 [1.97–2.75]a | 1.31 [0.90–1.90] | 1.52 [1.31–1.78]a | 1.24 [0.86–1.78] |
 50–75% | 1.10 [0.96–1.25] | 0.67 [0.48–0.92]a | 0.77 [0.67–0.9] | 0.55 [0.38–0.78]a | 0.40 [0.35–0.46]a | 0.31 [0.30–0.61]a |
 75–100% | 0.58 [.52–.64]a | 0.95 [0.69–1.29] | 0.31 [0.27–0.36] | 0.41 [0.28–0.61]a | 0.10 [0.08–0.11]a | 0.19 [0.17–0.38]a |
Cocaine UDS Groups (ref: 0–25%) | ||||||
 25–50% | 1.31 [1.18–1.46]a | 0.91 [0.69–1.2] | 1.1 [0.98–1.23] | 0.77 [0.57–1.03] | 0.86 [0.78–0.94]a | 0.74 [0.56–0.98]a |
 50–75% | 0.97 [0.86–1.08] | 0.82 [0.61–1.17] | 0.70 0[.62–0.79]a | 0.55 [0.40–0.76]a | 0.44 [0.40–0.49]a | 0.50 [0.36–0.69]a |
 75–100% | 0.61 [.56–0.67]a | 0.61 [0.45–.82]a | 0.34 [0.31–0.38]a | 0.32 [0.24–0.45]a | 0.20 [0.18–0.22]a | 0.25 [0.18–0.35]a |
Cannabis UDS Group (ref: 0–25%) | ||||||
 25–50% | 5.71 [4.46–7.31]a | 2.95 [1.62–5.39]a | 10.15 [7.93–13.0]a | 5.97 [3.27–10.90]a | 13.53 [10.72–17.05]a | 7.59 [4.20–13.71]a |
 50–75% | 2.90 [2.45–3.43]a | 1.04 [0.70–1.55] | 3.96 [3.32–4.71]a | 1.50 [0.99–2.27] | 4.56 [3.91–5.32]a | 1.93 [1.29–2.87]a |
 75–100% | 2.57 [2.37–2.79]a | 1.70 [1.34–2.14]a | 3.71 [3.40–4.05]a | 2.12 [1.64–2.72]a | 4.26 [3.95–4.6]a | 2.40 [1.89–3.04]a |
Other Opioid Groups (ref: 0–25%) | ||||||
 25–50% | 0.78 [0.714–.86]a | 0.64 [0.5–.82]a | 0.54 [0.49–0.60]a | 0.44 [0.33–0.57]a | 0.34 [0.31–0.37]a | 0.41 [0.31–0.53]a |
 50–75% | 0.48 [0.42–.53]a | 0.56 [0.40–0.77]a | 0.23 [0.19–0.26]a | 0.35 [0.24–0.51]a | 0.12 [0.11–0.14]a | 0.17 [0.12–0.26]a |
 75–100% | 0.18 [0.15–0.21]a | 0.33 [0.19–0.57]a | 0.07 [0.197–0.26] | 0.17 [0.09–0.36]a | 0.03 [0.02–0.04]a | 0.03 [0.01–0.09]a |
Starting dose above Median | ||||||
 | 1.09 [1.64–1.91]a | 1.08 [0.81–1.44] | 2.30 [2.17–2.55]a | 1.21 0[.90–1.60] | 4.48 [4.18–4.80]a | 1.40 [1.06–1.87]a |
Peak dose above the Median | ||||||
 | 3.50 [3.38–3.84]a | 0.87 [0.56–1.35] | 4.97 [4.57–5.40]a | 0.86 [0.54–1.34] | 7.74 [7.20–8.33]a | 0.90 [0.58–1.28] |