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Table 2 Characteristics of respondents by race/ethnicity and potentially avoidable hospitalization status

From: The importance of chronic conditions for potentially avoidable hospitalizations among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White older adults in the US: a cross-sectional observational study

 

Non-Hispanic White (n = 978)

Non-Hispanic Black (n = 142)

Characteristics

Potentially avoidable Hospitalization (n = 208)

No Potentially avoidable Hospitalization (n = 770)

Potentially avoidable Hospitalization (n = 42)

No Potentially avoidable Hospitalization (n = 100)

Age (years), mean (SD)

81.1

(8.00)

79.7

(7.32)

78.9

(7.62)

78.3

(7.5)

Female, n (%)

123

(59.1)

421

(54.7)

30

(71.4)

53

(53.0)

Wealth (USDa), median (IQR)

18.5

(5.6, 43.5)

24.2

(7.0, 63.0)

0.8

(0.0, 9.1)

4.8

(0.2, 14.3)

Education (years), median (IQR)

12.0

(12.0, 14.0)

12.0

(12.0, 15.0)

12.0

(8.2, 12.0)

12.0

(10.0, 13.0)

Chronic Conditions, n (%)b

  Hypertension

202

(97.1)

733

(95.2)

42

(100.0)

99

(99.0)

  Hyperlipidemia

190

(91.3)

697

(90.5)

40

(95.2)

88

(88.0)

  Anemia

185

(88.9)

631

(81.9)

42

(100.0)

88

(88.0)

  Ischemic heart disease

167

(80.3)

589

(76.5)

37

(88.1)

82

(82.0)

  Rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis

173

(83.2)

623

(80.9)

30

(71.4)

75

(75.0)

  Heart failure

157

(75.5)

400

(51.9)

36

(85.7)

62

(62.0)

  Chronic kidney disease

141

(67.8)

380

(49.4)

33

(78.6)

61

(61.0)

  COPD

141

(67.8)

317

(41.2)

28

(66.7)

42

(42.0)

  Diabetes

111

(53.4)

357

(46.4)

33

(78.6)

65

(65.0)

  Depression

115

(55.3)

388

(50.4)

20

(47.6)

38

(38.0)

  Atrial fibrillation

96

(46.2)

288

(37.4)

14

(33.3)

19

(19.0)

  Alzheimer’s disease/senile dementia

83

(39.9)

242

(31.4)

24

(57.1)

40

(40.0)

  Acquired hypothyroidism

87

(41.8)

272

(35.3)

18

(42.9)

26

(26.0)

  Fibromyalgia/Chronic Pain/Fatigue

76

(36.5)

318

(41.3)

20

(47.6)

26

(26.0)

  Stroke/transient ischemic attack

70

(33.7)

253

(32.9)

20

(47.6)

36

(36.0)

  Obesity

67

(32.2)

220

(28.6)

16

(38.1)

35

(35.0)

  Asthma

67

(32.2)

159

(20.6)

14

(33.3)

22

(22.0)

  1. aPer 10,000 USD; bConditions shown where frequency for all cells for individual conditions is ≥ 11. (Not shown: drug, alcohol and substance abuse, multiple sclerosis, spinal injury, hip fracture, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, hepatitis, HIV and schizophrenia)
  2. Abbreviations: SD Standard Deviation, USD United States Dollars, IQR Interquartile range, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease