Table 2 Characteristics of healthcare utilization clusters
Clusters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Countries | Total | AU, ZA, USa | JP, KRa | CH, DE, LT, NL, NOa | CNa | FR, GR, IT, MA, ESa | ID, PLa | BRa | MY, THa | ROa |
Experience score, 0-100b – mean | 64 | 72 (AU: 73, ZA: 65, US: 78) | 52 (JP: 61, KP: 49) | 67 (CH: 71, DE: 64, LT: 55, NL: 70, NO: 69) | 55 | 62 (FR: 70, GR: 58, IT: 57, MA: 44, ES: 77) | 58 (ID: 62, PL: 57) | 74 | 70 (MY: 72, TH: 69) | 60 |
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
Male – % (min, max) | 72.8 (58.1, 83.1) | 71.9 (58.1, 74.9) | 77.2 (75.6, 82.1) | 70.1 (62.8, 71.2) | 71.1 | 72.1 (69.8, 74.3) | 80.4 (67.2, 83.1) | 79.1 | 74.9 (70.9, 79.2) | 72.2 |
Age – mean (min, max) | 51.3 (38.2, 58.6) | 54.3 (38.4, 57.5) | 49.7 (48.0, 54.8) | 55.8 (42.3, 58.6) | 49.7 | 47.8 (38.6, 51.6) | 46.3 (43.8, 46.8) | 44.2 | 42.6 (40.1, 45.0) | 38.2 |
Migrant background – % (min, max) | 7.6 (0.0, 22.8) | 19.3 (3.5, 22.8) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 10.9 (0.9, 18.4) | 0.0 | 5.8 (0.5, 12.5) | 0.6 (0.0, 0.7) | 0.0 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.5 |
Living situation – % (min, max) | ||||||||||
Alone | 18.3 (4.1, 31.0) | 20.9 (6.5, 22.9) | 24.8 (15.6, 27.9) | 24.7 (12.4, 28.5) | 5.3 | 17.8 (4.4, 31.0) | 11.0 (5.0, 12.3) | 6.5 | 4.5 (4.1, 5.0) | 10.6 |
With others | 76.8 (65.1, 94.8) | 73.1 (63.3, 80.3) | 72.3 (69.0, 82.1) | 69.4 (65.9, 87.2) | 91.9 | 79.9 (65.1, 94.8) | 82.1 (77.6, 83.0) | 92.5 | 88.0 (87.2, 88.8) | 88.9 |
In institution | 3.3 (0.0, 27.1) | 5.6 (0.5, 27.1) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.7) | 3.0 (0, 3.4) | 2.4 | 1.4 (0.5, 1.9) | 6.0 (3.9, 15.9) | 0.0 | 6.0 (4.7, 7.2) | 0.5 |
SCI characteristics | ||||||||||
Tetraplegia – % (min, max) | 36.4 (10.0, 49.0) | 37.0 (36.7, 38.4) | 41.7 (39.3, 49.0) | 38.2 (29.8, 46.9) | 33.1 | 31.1 (25.7, 36.0) | 39.6 (10.0, 45.7) | 40.3 | 27.5 (25.6, 29.5) | 30.6 |
Incomplete lesion – % (min, max) | 60.4 (25.2, 79.1) | 64.6 (46.7, 71.4) | 40.3 (35.8, 41.8) | 62.1 (25.2, 79.0) | 74.5 | 55.8 (53.5, 60.7) | 54.7 (54.1, 57.7) | 79.1 | 56.8 (54.7, 59.1) | 67.1 |
Nontraumatic etiology – % (min, max) | 19.0 (0.0, 36.5) | 13.8 (0.0, 16.3) | 8.3 (7.8, 9.9) | 22.0 (6.4, 36.5) | 32.3 | 21.4 (14.0, 29.6) | 10.9 (10.7, 11.9) | 29.9 | 14.1 (13.8, 14.4) | 16.2 |
Years lived with SCI – mean (min, max) | 13.2 (3.3, 20.0) | 16.0 (10.3, 17.2) | 16.7 (15.6, 20.0) | 14.8 (8.4, 19.1) | 4.5 | 13.8 (7.0, 18.1) | 13.3 (11.0, 13.8) | 3.3 | 8.7 (8.3, 9.2) | 8.2 |