Table 1 Associations between demographic and health variables, and stroke and cognitive status
| No stroke | Stroke | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NCI (n = 4020; 68.6%) |
CI (n = 1747; 29.8%) |
NCI (n = 42; 0.7%) |
CI (n = 50; 0.9%) | Test statistic | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | P value | |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score (MoCA) (n = 5859) |
26.7 (1.81)* n = 4020 (68.6%) |
20.2 (3.10)* n = 1747 (29.8%) |
25.9 (1.61)* n = 42 (0.7%) |
18.6 (4.53)* n = 50 (0.9%) | 3303.95 | < 0.001 |
| Age* (n = 5849) |
61.3 (8.09)* n = 4015 (68.7%) |
66.3 (9.38)* n = 1742 (29.8%) |
67.3 (7.05)* n = 42 (0.7%) |
71.0 (8.93)* n = 50 (0.8%) | 158.51 | < 0.001 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Cramer’s V | P value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1832 (45.6) | 807 (46.2) | 22 (52.4) | 28 (56.0) | 0.023 | 0.392 |
| Female | 2188 (54.4) | 940 (53.8) | 20 (47.6) | 22 (44.0) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| None/primary school | 674 (16.8)* | 812 (46.5)* | 12 (28.5) | 25 (50.0)* | 0.244 | < 0.001 |
| Secondary/high school | 1696 (42.2) | 678 (38.9) | 17 (40.5) | 20 (40.0) | ||
| Third level/university | 1650 (41.0) | 255 (14.6) | 13 (31.0) | 5 (10.0) | ||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Not married | 973 (24.2)* | 617 (35.3)* | 11 (26.2) | 22 (44.0)* | 0.118 | < 0.001 |
| Married | 3047 (75.8) | 1130 (64.7) | 31 (73.8) | 28 (56.0) | ||
| Living situation | ||||||
| Living alone | 700 (17.4)* | 446 (25.5)* | 8 (19.0) | 17 (34.0)* | 0.098 | < 0.001 |
| Living with others | 3320 (82.6) | 1301 (74.5) | 34 (81.0) | 33 (66.0) | ||
| Geographical location | ||||||
| Urban (town/city) | 2263 (56.3)* | 809 (46.4)* | 27 (64.3) | 28 (56.0) | 0.093 | < 0.001 |
| Rural | 1754 (43.7) | 936 (53.6) | 15 (35.7) | 22 (44.0) | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Unemployed | 2258 (56.2)* | 1298 (74.3)* | 35 (83.3)* | 45 (90.0)* | 0.182 | < 0.001 |
| Employed | 1762 (43.8) | 449 (25.7) | 7 (16.7) | 5 (10.0) | ||
| Medical card | ||||||
| No | 2602 (64.8)* | 625 (35.8)* | 13 (30.9)* | 4 (8.0)* | 0.284 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 1414 (35.2) | 1122 (64.2) | 29 (69.1) | 46 (92.0) | ||
| Private insurance | ||||||
| No | 1207 (30.0)* | 893 (51.2)* | 14 (33.3) | 32 (64.0)* | 0.207 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 2810 (70.0) | 853 (48.8) | 28 (66.7) | 18 (36.0) | ||
| Disability status | ||||||
| No disability | 3.686 (91.7)* | 1440 (82.4)* | 29 (69.1)* | 29 (58.0)* | 0.168 | < 0.001 |
| Disability | 334 (8.3) | 307 (17.6) | 13 (30.9) | 21 (42.0) | ||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||||
| Normal weight | 951 (23.7)* | 366 (21.1)* | 10 (23.8) | 7 (14.6) | 0.034 | 0.081 |
| Overweight/obese | 3060 (76.3) | 1372 (78.9) | 32 (76.2) | 41 (85.4) | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker/ex-smoker | 3426 (85.2)* | 1419 (81.2)* | 37 (88.1) | 41 (82.0) | 0.051 | 0.002 |
| Current smoker | 594 (14.8) | 328 (18.8) | 5 (11.9) | 9 (18.0) | ||
| Physical activity level | ||||||
| Low | 1077 (27.0)* | 630 (36.3)* | 17 (40.5) | 28 (56.0)* | 0.108 | < 0.001 |
| Moderate/High | 2908 (73.0) | 1103 (63.7) | 25 (59.5) | 22 (44.0) | ||
| CVD conditions | ||||||
| No CVD conditions | 1520 (37.8)* | 566 (32.4)* | 2 (4.8)* | 11 (22.0)* | 0.080 | < 0.001 |
| At least one CVD condition | 2500 (62.2) | 1181 (67.6) | 40 (95.2) | 39 (78.0) | ||
| Medications | ||||||
| No Polypharmacy | 3493 (87.3)* | 1262 (73.0)* | 18 (42.9)* | 25 (50.0)* | 0.208 | < 0.001 |
| Polypharmacy (5 + medications) | 509 (12.7) | 466 (27.0) | 24 (57.1) | 25 (50.0) | ||
| Depression | ||||||
| None/mild | 3670 (92.6)* | 1509 (87.5)* | 33 (84.6) | 40 (83.3)* | 0.086 | < 0.001 |
| Moderate/severe | 294 (7.4) | 215 (12.5) | 6 (15.4) | 8 (16.7) | ||
| Anxiety | ||||||
| None/mild | 2834 (77.2)* | 1033 (71.7)* | 23 (63.9) | 22 (64.7) | 0.065 | < 0.001 |
| Moderate/severe | 836 (22.8) | 407 (28.3) | 13 (36.1) | 12 (35.3) | ||