Table 1 Six phases of Thematic Analysis by Braun and Clarke, and our analysis activity

1. Familiarize with the data

Transcribing the data, reading and re-reading the data, noting down initial ideas

After transcription, each researcher read the interview transcripts several times

2. Generating initial codes

Coding interesting features of the data in a systematic fashion across the whole dataset, collecting data relevant to each code

The researchers noted initial codes during the phase of familiarizing with the dataset

3. Searching for themes

Collating codes into potential themes, gathering all data relevant to each potential theme

The researchers collated the different codes into the three predefined research questions by the use of the NVIVO 16 software system for qualitative analysis. In a final reading, the researchers identified sub-themes within each of the four main topics

4. Reviewing themes

Checking if the themes work in relation to the coded extracts (phase 1) and the entire dataset (phase 2), generating a thematic ‘map’ of the analysis

The researchers discussed the initial codes and recoded some of these as part of this discussion. The theme structure was then consolidated

5. Defining and naming themes

Ongoing analysis to refine the specifics of each theme, and the overall story the analysis tells, generating clear definitions and names for each theme

Researchers compared notes and agreed on the final sample of quotes illustrating the themes

6. Producing the report

The final opportunity for analysis. Selection of vivid, compelling extract examples, final analysis of selected extracts, relating back of the analysis to the research question and literature, producing a scholarly report of the analysis

The themes and subthemes were interpreted in light of the three research questions