Skip to main content

Table 2 Two-parts model of out-of-pocket health spending

From: The economic costs of limited health literacy in China: evidence from China’s National Health Literacy Surveillance data

 

(1)

(2)

Participation (mar. eff.)

Intensity (mar. eff.)

Adequate health literacy (0/1)

−0.023*

(0.013)

−180.602

(302.692)

Urban (0/1)

−0.030***

(0.012)

113.433

(257.977)

Male (0/1)

−0.010

(0.011)

54.884

(251.383)

Aged 15–44

ref.

 

ref.

 

 45–59

−0.022

(0.015)

646.878**

(297.995)

 60–69

0.004

(0.019)

1092.308***

(388.938)

Married (0/1)

0.016

(0.015)

419.981

(311.173)

Education (1:Low)

ref.

 

ref.

 

 2:Middle/High sch.

−0.036**

(0.015)

− 713.841**

(344.405)

 3:College or higher

−0.081***

(0.022)

− 766.065

(481.152)

Public/Private sectors (0/1)

−0.024*

(0.014)

− 391.532

(297.586)

Household size

0.009*

(0.005)

162.790

(111.224)

Annual hh inc. pc (log)

−0.011***

(0.004)

−92.940

(88.939)

Self-report health (1:very good)

ref.

 

ref.

 

 2:good

0.129***

(0.015)

460.662**

(189.925)

 3:average

0.210***

(0.015)

1889.934***

(276.224)

 4:poor

0.325***

(0.021)

7145.947***

(1745.329)

 5:very poor

0.324***

(0.037)

10,972.468**

(5037.355)

Dep Mean

0.736

 

2745.921

 

Pseudo R2

0.060

 

/

 

AIC

6885

 

80,875

 

Obs

6316

 

4647

 
  1. Notes: (1) The reported statistics are the average marginal effects. (2) The dependent variable in column 1 is binary, indicating whether a respondent incurred any out-of-pocket health spending in the last 12 months. The dependent variable in column 2 is the level of out-of-pocket health spending for the sample with nonzero expenses. (3) Adequate health literacy is measured by having 80% score to the health-related skills questions. (4) Standard errors in parentheses
  2. ∗p < 0.10
  3. ∗∗p < 0.05
  4. ∗∗∗p < 0.01
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us