Variables | Mean/Percent | S.D./Freq. | Level of HL | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adequate | Inadequate | ||||
Observations | N = 6316 | N = 1376 | N = 4940 | ||
Adequate health literacy (HL) (0/1) | 21.8% | n = 1376 | / | / | / |
Costs | |||||
Incur OOP health exp. (0/1) | 73.6% | n = 4647 | 68.4% | 75.0% | *** |
Nonzero OOP health exp. (1000 CNY) | 2.7 | 9.1 | 2.1 | 2.9 | *** |
Absenteeism due to illness (0/1) | 7.0% | n = 443 | 8.6% | 6.6% | *** |
Nonzero days of absenteeism last year | 30.0 | 70.2 | 21.0 | 33.3 | * |
Demographic characteristics | |||||
Urban (0/1) | 62.1% | n = 3922 | 74.3% | 58.7% | *** |
Male (0/1) | 48.2% | n = 3047 | 48.0% | 48.3% | |
Age in years | 49.1 | 13.6 | 41.9 | 51.1 | *** |
1:15–44 | 34.7% | n = 2194 | 60.0% | 27.7% | *** |
2:45–59 | 37.7% | n = 2383 | 28.6% | 40.3% | *** |
3:60–69 | 27.5% | n = 1739 | 11.4% | 32.0% | *** |
Married (0/1) | 82.0% | n = 5180 | 80.5% | 82.4% | |
Household size | 2.9 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 2.8 | *** |
Household annual inc. pc (1000 CNY) | 38.6 | 46.5 | 51.6 | 35.0 | *** |
Education | |||||
1:Primary or lower | 30.0% | n = 1893 | 9.2% | 35.8% | *** |
2:Middle/High school | 47.8% | n = 3021 | 42.7% | 0.493 | *** |
3:College or higher | 22.2% | n = 1402 | 48.1% | 0.150 | *** |
Job status | |||||
1:Public sectors | 13.1% | n = 830 | 23.3% | 10.3% | *** |
2:Farmers | 26.9% | n = 1701 | 9.2% | 31.9% | *** |
3:Manual workers | 19.1% | n = 1207 | 14.9% | 20.3% | *** |
4:Private sectors | 28.3% | n = 1785 | 43.3% | 24.1% | *** |
5:Other | 12.6% | n = 793 | 9.3% | 13.5% | *** |
Health status | |||||
Self-reported good health (0/1) | 64.4% | n = 4068 | 70.6% | 62.7% | *** |
Any chronic diseases (0/1) | 25.0% | n = 1579 | 14.0% | 28.1% | *** |
Cardio-Cerebrovascular diseases (0/1) | 19.6% | n = 1241 | 10.1% | 22.3% | *** |
Diabetes (0/1) | 5.2% | n = 331 | 2.3% | 6.1% | *** |
BMI status | |||||
1:Underweight (< 18.5) | 5.7% | n = 343 | 6.7% | 5.4% | ** |
2:Normal (18.5–24) | 62.2% | n = 3757 | 66.2% | 61.1% | *** |
3:Overweight (24–28) | 27.2% | n = 1642 | 23.9% | 28.1% | *** |
4:Obese (28+) | 4.9% | n = 298 | 3.2% | 5.4% | *** |
Health behaviour | |||||
Smoking status | |||||
1:Never | 70.7% | n = 4465 | 76.7% | 69.0% | *** |
2:Quit | 8.0% | n = 505 | 5.9% | 8.6% | *** |
3:Smoke | 21.3% | n = 1346 | 17.4% | 22.4% | *** |
Flu vaccination (0/1) | 1.7% | n = 106 | 1.1% | 1.8% | ** |