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Table 1 PICOS Elements of the effectiveness review

From: Effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): systematic review

Parameter

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Participants

• Patients with COPD

• Patients with Asthma

• No patients (simulation studies)

Intervention

• Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (home was defined as independent or supportive living environments)

• Pulmonary rehabilitation programs delivered in long-term care facilities or nursing homes

• Not a program, as defined in the American Thoracic Society Consensus Statement

• Program duration – less than 4 weeks

Comparator

• Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation delivered in a hospital or community setting

• Usual care (patients managed by their General Practitioner, specialist or both according to local practices)

• Inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programs

Outcomes

• Safety

• Health care resource utilization

â—‹ Hospital admission

â—‹ ER visits

â—‹ Physician visits

• Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)

â—‹ Generic HRQoL tools such as EQ5D, SF36 or SF12

â—‹ Disease-specific HRQoL such as:

â–ª COPD Assessment Test (CAT)

â–ª Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ)

▪ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)

• Adherence

• Frequency of exacerbation

• Functional Exercise Capacity

â—‹ Six-minute walk test/distance (6MWT/6MWD)

â—‹ Incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT)

â—‹ Endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT)

• Maximal Exercise Capacity

â—‹ Incremental cycle ergometry

• Mental Health

• Self-efficacy

• Studies without any defined clinical outcomes

Study Design

Comparative studies:

• Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs and non-RCTs)

• Cohort studies

• Case-control studies

• Non-English language

• Expert reviews

• Editorials and opinion pieces

• Case-series

• Studies published prior to 2009