Subscales and survey items | Average% positive responsea | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
1. Overall Perception of Safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.76) | 47.5 | 3.40 (.57) |
1.1. It is just by chance that more serious mistakes do not happen around here (R)b | 71.1 | 3.95(.93) |
1.2. Patient safety is never sacrificed to get more work done | 46.8 | 3.35(1.11) |
1.3. We have patient safety problems in this unit (R) | 27.0 | 2.99(.96) |
1.4. Our policies and procedures and systems are effective in preventing errors | 44.9 | 3.32(.96) |
2. Supervisor/Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Patient Safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.81) | 44.3 | 3.27 (.71) |
2.1. My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures | 28.2 | 2.85(1.12) |
2.2. My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety | 36.4 | 3.12(1.02) |
2.3. Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts (R) | 51.7 | 3.45(1.15) |
2.4. My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over (R) | 61.0 | 3.67(1.14) |
3. Organizational learning and Continuous Improvement (Cronbach’s α = 0.69) | 42.7 | 3.31 (.73) |
3.1. We are actively doing things to improve patient safety | 49.0 | 3.43(.98) |
3.2. Mistake have led to positive changes here | 40.4 | 3.26(.93) |
3.3. After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness | 38.6 | 3.24(.95) |
4. Teamwork within units (Cronbach’s α = 0.75) | 43.8 | 3.27 (.78) |
4.1. Staff support one another in this unit | 39.4 | 3.23(.98) |
4.2 When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done | 49.9 | 3.41(1.02) |
4.3. In this unit, people treat each other with respect | 54.6 | 3.46(1.02) |
4.4. When members of this unit get really busy, other members of the same unit help out | 31.4 | 2.96 (1.09) |
5. Non-punitive Response to Error (Cronbach’s α = 0.69) | 27.4 | 2.86 (.82) |
5.1. Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them (R) | 25.3 | 2.85(1.02) |
5.2. When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem (R) | 30.9 | 2.92(1.09) |
5.3. Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file (R) | 25.9 | 2.80(1.09) |
6. Staffing (Cronbach’s α = 0.82) | 27.1 | 2.80 (.71) |
6.1 We have enough staff to handle the workload | 25.2 | 2.64(1.18) |
6.2. Staff in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care (R) | 28.8 | 2.83(1.17) |
6.3. We use agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care (R) | 35.0 | 3.06(1.10) |
6.4. When the work is in “crisis mode” we try to do too much, too quickly (R) | 19.5 | 2.68(1.02) |
7. Hospital Management Support for Patient Safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.71) | 35.8 | 3.16 (.65) |
7.1. Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety | 43.0 | 3.27(.95) |
7.2. The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority | 35.8 | 3.10(1.06) |
7.3. Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens (R) | 34.5 | 3.10(1.00) |
8. Teamwork Across Hospital Units (Cronbach’s α = 0.74) | 53.8 | 3.14 (.59) |
8.1. There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together | 34.1 | 3.09(1.01) |
8.2. Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients | 33.6 | 3.09(.97) |
8.3. Hospital units do not coordinate well with each other and this might affect patient care (R) | 41.4 | 3.26(1.02) |
8.4. It is often not easy to work with staff from other hospital units (R) | 34.0 | 3.13(.95) |
9. Hospital Handoffs & Transitions (Cronbach’s α = 0.79) | 45.4 | 3.37 (.82) |
9.1. Things “fall between the cracks”, i.e., things might go uncontrolled and get lost when transferring patients from one unit to another (R) | 40.5 | 3.29(.97) |
9.2. Important patient care information is often lost during shift changes (R) | 50.7 | 3.47(1.04) |
9.3. Problems often occur in the exchange of information across hospital units (R) | 41.4 | 3.31(.98) |
9.4. Shift changes are problematic for patients in this hospital (R) | 49.1 | 3.39(1.18) |
10. Communication Openness (Cronbach’s α = 0.80) | 34.1 | 3.02 (.62) |
10.1. Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care | 39.1 | 3.17(1.00) |
10.2. Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority | 21.0 | 2.62(1.05) |
10.3. Staff are afraid to ask questions when something does not feel right (R) | 42.1 | 3.27(.99) |
11. Feedback and Communications About Error (Cronbach’s α = 0.73) | 41.1 | 3.24 (.74) |
11.1. We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports | 40.7 | 3.24(.97) |
11.2. We are informed about errors that happen in this unit | 44.5 | 3.28(.99) |
11.3. In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again | 38.2 | 3.20(.98) |
12. Frequency of events reported (Cronbach’s α = 0.90) | 37.7 | 3.10 (.73) |
12.1. When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected affecting the patient, how often is this reported? | 46.8 | 3.28(1.08) |
12.2. When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the patient, how often is this reported? | 31.2 | 3.02(.95) |
12.3. When a mistake is made that could harm the patient, but does not, how often is this reported? | 35.0 | 3.01(1.05) |
Average patient safety culture percentage across all composites | 36.4 | 3.17 (0.37) |