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Table 5 Conditional logit estimations for simple model (model I) and models incorporating subject-related interactions (models II-IV)

From: Physicians’ preferences and willingness to pay for artificial intelligence-based assistance tools: a discrete choice experiment among german radiologists

 

n = 114

Model I (simple model)

Model II

Model III

Model IV

 

Variable

\(\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\)  (SE)

p-value (LogW)

\(\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\) (SE)

p-value (LogW)

\(\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\) (SE)

p-value (LogW)

\(\hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\) (SE)

p-value (LogW)

Provider

  

0.1404 (0.853)

 

0.1354 (0.868)

 

0.1275 (0.894)

 

0.1398 (0.855)

 

L1: Modality manufacturer

-0.0585 (0.0603)

 

-0.0569 (0.0607)

 

-0.0589 (0.0608)

 

-0.0573 (0.0613)

 
 

L2: RIS/PACS provider

-0.0615 (0.0631)

 

-0.0652 (0.0636)

 

-0.0653 (0.0637)

 

-0.0647 (0.0641)

 
 

L3: AI-software startup

0.12 (0.0608)

 

0.1221 (0.0613)

 

0.1242 (0.0614)

 

0.122 (0.0617)

 

Application

  

<0.0001 (11.578)

 

0.0013 (2.889)

 

0.0014 (2.852)

 

<0.0001 (4.586)

 

L1: Diagnostics (routine diagnostics)

0.2984 (0.0622)

 

0.2909 (0.2433)

 

0.2886 (0.2387)

 

0.1655 (0.2519)

 
 

L2: Process efficiency (scan time reduction)

-0.3896 (0.0579)

 

-0.7046 (0.2504)

 

-0.6696 (0.238)

 

-0.8704 (0.2511)

 
 

L3: Screening support (mammography)

0.0911 (0.0642)

 

0.4136 (0.2434)

 

0.381 (0.2413)

 

0.7049 (0.254)

 

Quality

  

<0.0001 (9.727)

 

0.0524 (1.281)

 

0.0521 (1.283)

 

0.0519 (1.285)

 

L1: Same

-0.2421 (0.039)

 

-0.3084 (0.1583)

 

-0.3033 (0.153)

 

-0.3032 (0.1531)

 
 

L2: Better

0.2421 (0.039)

 

0.3084 (0.1583)

 

0.3033 (0.153)

 

0.3032 (0.1531)

 

Time savings

  

<0.0001 (13.702)

 

<0.0001 (14.064)

 

<0.0001 (14.127)

 

<0.0001 (14.449)

 

L1: Low

-0.4339 (0.0637)

 

-0.4414 (0.0643)

 

-0.4427 (0.0644)

 

-0.451 (0.0649)

 
 

L2: Medium

0.039 (0.0584)

 

0.0382 (0.0589)

 

0.0382 (0.059)

 

0.0398 (0.0594)

 
 

L3: High

0.3949 (0.0587)

 

0.4031 (0.0592)

 

0.4045 (0.0593)

 

0.4113 (0.0598)

 

Price

Price per study

-0.1607 (0.0176)

<0.0001 (20.895)

-0.1634 (0.0178)

<0.0001 (21.275)

-0.1593 (0.0178)

<0.0001 (21.185)

-0.1618 (0.018)

<0.0001 (20.554)

No-choice

No-choice

-1.4499 (0.1198)

<0.0001 (33.422)

-1.4611 (0.1209)

<0.0001 (33.361)

-1.4762 (0.1214)

<0.0001 (33.885)

-1.4851 (0.1222)

<0.0001 (33.926)

Subject-related interactions

Gender[M]* Application[Diagnostics]

  

-0.0899 (0.246)

0.0014 (2.862)

-0.0903 (0.2414)

0.0014 (2.850)

-0.0783 (0.2417)

0.001 (3.009)

 

Gender[M]* Application[Process]

  

0.3435 (0.2523)

 

0.306 (0.2402)

 

0.3241 (0.2403)

 
 

Gender[M]* Application[Screening]

  

-0.2536 (0.2453)

 

-0.2157 (0.2434)

 

-0.2458 (0.244)

 
 

Gender[F]* Quality[Better]

  

0.1605 (0.1663)

0.0161 (1.793)

0.1571 (0.1611)

0.021 (1.679)

0.1585 (0.1613)

0.0205 (1.689)

 

Budget responsibility[Y]* Price

    

-0.0347 (0.0105)

0.001 (3.005)

-0.0366 (0.0106)

0.0005 (3.278)

 

Specialization[Mammography]*Application [Screening]

      

0.3873 (0.0932)

<0.0001 (4.068)

Model fit

AICc

2197.69

2186.10

2177.31

2162.70

BIC

2242.88

2261.25

2257.44

2252.79

-2LogLikelihood

2179.53

2155.67

2144.82

2126.10

LogLikelihood

-1089.77

-1077.84

-1072.41

-1063.05

  1. SE Standard Error, LogW LogWorth, AICc Corrected Akaike Information Criterion, BIC Bayesian Information Criterion