Table 2 Theme 1: Types of individual unprofessional behaviours reported in the open-ended questions: “i) Are there any specific instances of unprofessional staff behaviour that you would like to describe? ii) Are there any other comments you would like to make about staff behaviour in this hospital?”
Type of unprofessional behaviours with examples provided by respondents in narrative comments | ||
|---|---|---|
Aggression | Non-Verbal Aggression | throwing things, hitting, slapping, breaking things, slamming doors, pushing, intimidating, stalking |
Verbal Aggression | yelling, shouting, screaming, swearing, raging, threatening | |
Incivility | Non-Verbal Incivility | sighing, ignoring, exclusion, ostracism, segregation, walking away, turning away, stonewalling, refusal to make eye contact, refusal to engage, withholding, being unresponsive, being hostile, being uncooperative, absence of socio-cultural niceties, lack of boundaries, refusal to acknowledge and practice appropriate boundaries, unwelcome pranks, invading personal space, unwelcome repetitive or casual physical contact, inappropriate gesturing, being unapproachable, unwilling to perform role adequately |
Verbal Incivility | interrupting, talking over, being dismissive, lying, misleading, vilification, rudeness, being overly critical, patronising, condescending, passive aggression, undermining, sarcasm, pedantic, belittling, humiliating, mocking, accusatory, finger-pointing, blaming, berating, telling off, scolding, being unreasonably demanding, gossiping, rumour-mongering, excessive complaining, bitching, inadequate socio-cultural niceties, back-stabbing, snapping, miscommunication, unclear communication, inconsistent communication, inappropriate humour | |
Unethical, discriminatory, or unjust behaviours | negative or exclusionary interpretation and enactment of organisational values that are at odds with patient or staff identity and dignity, abuse, misuse, inappropriate use of organisational resources, time, systems and process, sharing work-irrelevant social media posts, using personal apps such as dating apps during work hours, racism, homophobia, discrimination based on gender or sexual orientation, misogyny, sexism, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, puritanical behaviour, over-protective unethical (shielding) tribalism, reactive tribalism (ethnic/ cultural cliques), bigotry, ageism | |