Table 2 Travel Distances/Times from a Patient’s Home to the Emergency Department by Hospital and Patient Characteristics
Miles to Hospital | Driving Minutes to Hospital | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Mean (SD) | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
Hospital Characteristics | ||||
Rurality | ||||
Rural (N = 1494) | 11.08 (12.49) | 2.68 (− 0.13, 5.48) | 25.85 (25.51) | 8.19 (2.70, 13.69)** |
Urban [ref] (N = 13,318) | 7.75 (10.69) | 0.00 | 16.38 (16.67) | 0.00 |
Teaching Affiliation | ||||
Major [ref] (N = 3852) | 10.15 (13.06) | 0.00 | 20.62 (20.28) | 0.00 |
Minor (N = 7165) | 6.61 (9.81) | −2.95 (−5.07, − 0.83)** | 14.22 (15.91) | − 5.45 (−9.59, − 1.30)** |
Non-Teaching (N = 3795) | 8.78 (10.14) | − 2.12 (−4.55, 0.31) | 19.87 (18.23) | −3.30 (−8.05, 1.45) |
Census Region | ||||
Midwest (N = 3277) | 7.87 (11.24) | −2.13 (−4.29, 0.02) | 16.48 (17.47) | −5.11 (−9.33, − 0.89)* |
Northeast (N = 2945) | 7.29 (9.11) | −1.52 (−3.73, 0.68) | 16.91 (17.35) | − 1.73 (−6.05, 2.58) |
South [ref] (N = 5859) | 9.25 (11.72) | 0.00 | 19.73 (19.57) | 0.00 |
West (N = 2731) | 6.71 (10.33) | −2.11 (−4.54, 0.32) | 13.69 (14.73) | −4.80 (−9.56, − 0.04)* |
ED Volumea | ||||
Low (N = 267) | 9.14 (13.48) | 2.66 (−3.40, 8.72) | 18.07 (14.42) | 5.06 (−6.79, 16.91) |
Medium (N = 4624) | 8.09 (10.68) | 0.15 (−1.73, 2.03) | 18.27 (18.73) | 1.38 (−2.31, 5.06) |
High [ref] (N = 9921) | 8.06 (10.97) | 0.00 | 16.87 (17.71) | 0.00 |
Low Performing Hospitalsb | ||||
Yes (N = 3595) | 5.54 (9.21) | −2.75 (−4.78, −0.72)** | 11.92 (13.37) | −5.69 (−9.67, −1.71)** |
No [ref] (N = 11,217) | 8.91 (11.31) | 0.00 | 19.07 (18.91) | 0.00 |
Patient Characteristics | ||||
Age | ||||
18–24 [ref] (N = 2246) | 8.81 (12.75) | 0.00 | 17.91 (19.58) | 0.00 |
25–34 (N = 3243) | 8.04 (10.85) | −0.61 (−1.17, − 0.05)* | 17.01 (17.50) | − 0.62 (− 1.52, 0.27) |
35–44 (N = 2467) | 7.99 (10.37) | −0.64 (− 1.23, − 0.04)* | 17.20 (17.34) | −0.53 (− 1.48, 0.42) |
45–54 (N = 2360) | 8.26 (10.69) | − 0.50 (− 1.10, 0.10) | 17.85 (18.27) | −0.19 (− 1.15, 0.77) |
55–64 (N = 1801) | 8.12 (10.92) | − 0.49 (− 1.14, 0.16) | 17.77 (18.51) | 0.01 (− 1.02, 1.05) |
65–74 (N = 1298) | 8.25 (10.82) | − 0.60 (− 1.32, 0.11) | 18.01 (18.12) | −0.41 (− 1.55, 0.73) |
75–84 (N = 839) | 7.53 (9.80) | −1.04 (− 1.87, − 0.21)* | 16.87 (17.19) | −1.00 (− 2.32, 0.33) |
85+ (N = 514) | 5.37 (7.93) | −3.03 (−4.03, − 2.02)*** | 12.61 (13.75) | −4.82 (−6.42, − 3.22)*** |
Sex | ||||
Female [ref] (N = 8782) | 8.06 (10.88) | 0.00 | 17.29 (17.74) | 0.00 |
Male (N = 6029) | 8.13 (11.01) | 0.02 (−0.33, 0.36) | 17.40 (18.35) | 0.03 (−0.52, 0.57) |