Table 1 Distribution of different factors and their associations with EM-Diabetes availability
Facility characteristics | BHFS 2014 (n = 73) | BHFS 2017 (n = 144) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of available essential medicines for diabetes, n (%) | Number of available essential medicines for diabetes, n (%) | |||||||
None available | 1–2 available | 3 or more available | P-value* | None available | 1–2 available | 3 or more available | P-value* | |
Managing authority | Â | 0.01 | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Public | 29 (82.4) | 6 (16.0) | 1 (1.6) |  | 54 (77.1) | 15 (21.3) | 1 (1.6) |  |
 Private | 18 (48.0) | 9 (22.6) | 11 (29.4) |  | 26 (35.3) | 32 (43.9) | 15 (20.8) |  |
Location | Â | Â | 0.01 | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | |
 Urban | 22 (50.2) | 10 (23.5) | 12 (26.3) |  | 30 (39.9) | 30 (39.8) | 15 (20.3) |  |
 Rural | 25 (85.9) | 4 (13.3) | 0 (0.8) |  | 50 (73.4) | 17 (25.1) | 1 (1.5) |  |
Administrative division | Â | Â | 0.77 | Â | Â | Â | 0.52 | |
 Barishal | 1 (62.1) | 0 (17.3) | 0 (20.6) |  | 13 (83.6) | 2 (13.1) | 0 (3.3) |  |
 Chattogram | 13 (68.9) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (14.4) |  | 14 (46.4) | 12 (38.9) | 5 (14.7) |  |
 Dhaka | 17 (60.1) | 4 (15.0) | 7 (24.9) |  | 20 (49.5) | 14 (36.5) | 6 (14.1) |  |
 Khulna | 3 (57.4) | 2 (27.8) | 1 (14.8) |  | 9 (67.5) | 4 (29.4) | 0 (3.1) |  |
 Rajshahi | 4 (66.0) | 2 (28.8) | 0 (5.2) |  | 6 (43.9) | 6 (44.2) | 2 (11.9) |  |
 Rangpur | 5 (78.7) | 1 (19.9) | 0 (1.4) |  | 7 (59.5) | 3 (26.1) | 2 (14.3) |  |
 Sylhet | 3 (63.3) | 2 (34.8) | 0 (1.9) |  | 9 (67.0) | 3 (23.4) | 1 (9.6) |  |
 Mymensingh |  |  |  |  | 2 (36.4) | 2 (48.7) | 1 (14.9) |  |
External supervision | 0.72 | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 | |||
 Not received | 1 (39.5) | 1 (18.4) | 1 (42.1) |  | 1 (28.7) | 0 (4.1) | 2 (67.2) |  |
 Received within the past 6 months | 38 (64.3) | 12 (21.0) | 9 (14.6) |  | 69 (59.8) | 37 (31.9) | 10 (8.3) |  |
 Received more than 6 months ago | 8 (72.4) | 1 (11.2) | 2 (16.3) |  | 10 (40.6) | 10 (41.7) | 4 (17.6) |  |
Routine user fees or charges for client service | 0.01 | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | |||
 Not available | 25 (85.7) | 3 (10.1) | 1 (4.2) |  | 36 (92.6) | 3 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Available | 22 (50.4) | 11 (25.6) | 11 (24.0) |  | 44 (42.3) | 44 (42.1) | 16 (15.6) |  |
24-h staff coverage | Â | 0.01 | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 | ||
 Not available | 22 (94.4) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) |  | 35 (76.4) | 11 (23.6) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Available | 25 (50.1) | 13 (26.0) | 12 (23.9) |  | 45 (46.0) | 36 (37.2) | 16 (16.8) |  |
System to elicit clients’ opinions about the health facility or its service | 0.13 |  |  |  | 0.22 | |||
 Not available | 24 (76.1) | 3 (10.1) | 4 (13.8) |  | 24 (66.8) | 10 (28.4) | 2 (4.8) |  |
 Available | 23 (55.5) | 11 (26.6) | 7 (17.9) |  | 56 (52.1) | 37 (34.3) | 15 (13.6) |  |
Routine quality assurance activities | 0.55 | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 | |||
 Not performed | 24 (70.4) | 6 (18.7) | 4 (10.9) |  | 41 (72.0) | 14 (24.5) | 2 (3.5) |  |
 Performed | 23 (59.9) | 7 (19.2) | 8 (20.9) |  | 38 (45.0) | 32 (37.9) | 14 (17.1) |  |
Inpatient care | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Not available | 25 (89.3) | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) |  | 48 (80.0) | 12 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Available | 22 (47.8) | 12 (26.1) | 12 (26.1) |  | 32 (38.6) | 35 (42.2) | 16 (19.3) |  |
Basic equipment score | Â | 0.22 | Â | Â | Â | 0.25 | ||
 Low | 8 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) |  | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 High | 39 (61.6) | 13 (20.0) | 12 18.4) |  | 74 (54.5) | 46 (33.6) | 16 (11.9) |  |
Infection prevention score | Â | Â | 0.09 | Â | Â | Â | 0.11 | |
 Low | 19 (85.0) | 2 (8.1) | 2 (6.9) |  | 18 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 High | 28 (55.2) | 12 (24.5) | 10 (20.3) |  | 63 (53.7) | 38 (32.4) | 16 (13.9) |  |
Diagnostic capacity score | Â | 0.04 | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | ||
 Low | 27 (78.8) | 5 (14.2) | 2 (7.0) |  | 52 (73.2) | 17 (24.0) | 2 (2.8) |  |
 High | 20 (51.8) | 9 (24.0) | 9 (24.2) |  | 28 (38.5) | 30 (41.5) | 14 (19.9) |  |
National guidelines for diagnosis and management of diabetes | 0.71 | Â | Â | Â | 0.49 | |||
 Not available | 30 (67.6) | 7 (16.0) | 7 (16.4) |  | 68 (58.1) | 36 (30.6) | 13 (11.3) |  |
 Available | 18 (60.0) | 7 (24.5) | 5 (15.5) |  | 12 (45.4) | 11 (42.9) | 3 (11.8) |  |