Risk management of pregnant women and the associated low maternal mortality from 2008–2017 in China: a national longitude study

Table 3 Association between the proportion of pregnant women at high risk and maternal mortality in the GEE model

Factors	Unadjusted model^a		Adjusted model^b
Factors	Risk ratio (95% CI)	P Value	Risk ratio (95% CI)	P Value
Proportion of pregnant women at high risk (%)	0.97 (0.94,0.99)	0.001*	0.99 (0.98,1.00)	0.002*
Region
Eastern	1 (Reference)	-	1 (Reference)	-
Central	1.61 (1.22,2.13)	0.001*	1.33 (1.13,1.57)	0.001*
Western	3.67 (2.02,6.67)	< 0.001*	1.37 (1.14,1.65)	0.001*
Year	0.92 (0.91,0.93)	< 0.001*	0.97 (0.95,1.00)	0.035*
Proportion of female illiterates aged 15 years or over (%)	1.01 (0.99,1.03)	0.263	1.01 (1.00,1.02)	0.114
Proportion of ethnic minorities (%)	1.03 (1.02,1.03)	< 0.001*	1.01 (1.01,1.02)	< 0.001*
Length of highways (1000 km)	0.93 (0.90,0.96)	< 0.001*	0.94 (0.90,0.98)	0.005*
Crude birth rates (%)	1.03 (1.01,1.06)	0.016*	0.98 (0.95,1.01)	0.188
GDP per capita (10 000 RMB)	0.92 (0.87,0.97)	0.004*	0.91 (0.86,0.97)	0.004*
Number of licensed doctors and nurses per 1000 population	1.02 (1.00,1.05)	0.053	1.04 (0.98,1.09)	0.196
Number of beds of gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatrics per 1000 livebirths	1.00 (1.00,1.00)	0.674	1.00 (1.00,1.00)	0.791
Government health expenditures per capita (1000 RMB)	1.14 (0.83,1.57)	0.43	1.06 (0.84,1.34)	0.609
Proportion of maternal systematic management (%)	1.00 (0.99,1.01)	0.656	1.00 (0.99,1.00)	0.504
Hospital delivery rate (%)	0.98 (0.96,0.99)	0.008*	0.99 (0.98,1.00)	0.002*
Proportion of skilled birth attendance and sterile delivery (%)	0.99 (0.93,1.06)	0.734	1.00 (0.99,1.00)	0.733

^*P < 0.05
^aIn the univariate GEE model, we controlled the effect of time
^bRisk ratios were adjusted for sociodemographic factors (including region, year, proportion of female illiterates aged 15 years or over, proportion of ethnic minorities, length of highways, crude birth rates, and GDP per capita), health resource (number of licensed doctors and nurses per 1000 population, number of beds of gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatrics per 1000 livebirths, and government health expenditures per capita), and other maternal health factors (proportion of maternal systematic management, hospital delivery rate, and proportion of skilled birth attendance and sterile delivery)

ISSN: 1472-6963