Table 1 Sociodemographic data and outcome variables
From: Mental health and workplace factors: comparison of the Ghanaian and Australian mining industry
Characteristic | Australia N (%) | Ghana N (%) | Chi square tests of independence |
|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic data | |||
 Country | 1457 (56) | 1165 (44) |  |
 Gender | |||
  Male | 1266 (87) | 1012 (87) | χ2 (1) = 0.23 P = 0.64 φ = 0.01 n = 2612 |
  Female | 181 (13) | 153 (13) | |
 Age in years | |||
   < 24 | 116 (8) | 81 (7) | χ2 (4) = 91.82 P = 0.01 φ = 0.19 n = 2611 |
  25 – 34 | 448 (31) | 543 (47) | |
  35 – 44 | 446 (31) | 344 (30) | |
  45 – 54 | 331 (23) | 161 (14) | |
  55+ | 105 (7) | 36 (3) | |
 Relationship status | |||
  Single | 133 (9) | 299 (26) | χ2 (6) = 348.63 P = 0.01 φ = 0.37 n = 2610 |
  Relationship (living apart) | 72 (5) | 122 (10) | |
  Separated | 46 (3) | 8 (1) | |
  Widowed | 4 (0.3) | 15 (1) | |
  Married | 866 (60) | 691 (59) | |
  Relationship (live together) | 286 (20) | 23 (2) | |
  Divorced | 38 (3) | 7 (1) | |
 Education | |||
  No education | 36 (2) | 42 (4) | χ2 (5) = 588.08 P = 0.01 φ = 0.47 n = 2622 |
  Year 10/ Junior High School | 266 (18) | 49 (4) | |
  Year 12/ Senior High School | 175 (12) | 143 (12) | |
  Trade/Apprenticeship | 524 (36) | 140 (12) | |
  Certificate/ Diploma | 250 (17) | 158 (14) | |
  University degree or higher | 206 (14) | 633 (54) | |
 Employment category | |||
  Manager | 68 (5) | 80 (7) | χ2 (6) = 480.69 P = 0.01 φ = 0.43 n = 2621 |
  Technicians/Trade/Labourer | 562 (39) | 344 (30) | |
  Professional | 198 (14) | 435 (37) | |
  Clerical | 36 (2) | 123 (11) | |
  Machinery operator | 539 (37) | 96 (8) | |
  Other | 53 (4) | 87 (7) | |
 Employment contract | |||
  Permanent/ Ongoing basis | 1231 (85) | 314 (27) | χ2 (3) = 919.96 P = 0.01 φ = 0.59 n = 2616 |
  Fixed term/ Casual | 93 (6) | 532 (46) | |
  Contractor/ Subcontractor | 126 (9) | 299 (26) | |
  Other | 1 (0.1) | 20 (2) | |
 Work Schedule | |||
  Regular Shift | 697 (48) | 825 (71) | χ2 (1) = 136.55 P = 0.01 φ = −0.23 n = 2613 |
  Rotating Shift | 751 (52) | 340 (29) | |
Primary outcome variables | |||
 JCQ | |||
  Job control equal or outweigh job demand | 766 (57) | 581 (43) | χ2 (1) = 4.64 P = 0.03 φ = 0.04 n = 2470 |
  Job demands outweigh Job control | 590 (53) | 533 (47) | |
 K10 | |||
  Low or moderate | 1264 (87) | 1012 (87) | χ2 (1) = 0.10 P = 0.75 φ = 0.00 n = 2613 |
  High or very high | 184 (13) | 153 (13) | |
Secondary outcome variables | |||
 AUDIT Stratum | |||
  No known risk | 820 (58) | 1077 (93) | χ2 (3) = 405.56 P = 0.01 φ = 0.40 n = 2567 |
  Risky or hazardous | 454 (32) | 66 (6) | |
  High risk or harmful | 76 (5) | 8 (1) | |
  High risk, dependence likely | 61 (4) | 5 (0.4) | |
 SNI | 375 (82) | 81 (17.76) | χ2 (3) = 329.70 P = 0.01 φ = 0.38 n = 2336 |
581 (52.39) | 528 (47.61) | ||
229 (65.24) | 122 (34.76) | ||
96 (22.86) | 324 (77.14) | ||
Help-Seeking Behaviour | |||
 General Practitioner | |||
  0 times | 1163 (81) | 979 (84) | χ2 (1) = 5.04 P = 0.03 n = 2600 |
  1 + times | 275 (19) | 183 (16) | |
 Psychiatrist | |||
  0 times | 1392 (97) | 1133 (98) | χ2 (1) = 0.33 P = 0.57 n = 2595 |
  1 + times | 41 (3) | 29 (2) | |
 Psychologist | |||
  0 times | 1339 (93) | 1122 (97) | χ2 (1) = 12.73 P = 0.01 n = 2595 |
  1 + times | 94 (7) | 40 (3) | |
 *Clergy | |||
  0 times | 1416 (99) | 923 (79) | χ2 (1) = 268.40 P = 0.01 n = 2596 |
  1 + times | 18 (1) | 239 (21) | |
 Friends or Family | |||
  0 times | 855 (60) | 626 (54) | χ2 (1) = 8.66 P = 0.01 n = 2596 |
  1 + times | 579 (40) | 536 (46) | |
 Chemist | |||
  0 times | 1370 (96) | 1039 (89) | χ2 (1) = 35.24 P = 0.01 n = 2595 |
  1 + times | 64 (4) | 122 (11) | |