Table 3 The coding scheme; identified subthemes and codes for theme 1, the concept of health
From: Concepts of health in different contexts: a scoping review
Subtheme (explanation) | Codes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Complete wellbeing or functioning (Functioning without any disturbance of diseases or infirmities) | Absence of disease and functioning | Absence of disease or illness | Absence of health problems | Adopting the biomedical view |
Biomedical interpretation of health | Complete physical | Getting off or maintaining desistance from harmful substance | Health as a condition to be fixed | |
Health merely as absence of disease or infirmity | No tension | Normal functional ability | Normal physiological functional ability | |
Not getting sick | Theoretical health is value free | |||
Wellbeing (Wellbeing in several ways but not referring to complete wellbeing or functioning) | Liberating and expansive way of being | Overall wellbeing | Physical-psychological wellbeing | Positive concept of wellbeing |
Sense of wellbeing | Spiritual and emotional wellbeing | State of wellbeing | Subjective wellbeing | |
Wellbeing | ||||
Adapting to change (Being able to adapt to personal or environmental health-related changes and circumstances) | Ability to adapt | Acceptance and adjustment with optimism | Adapt and accept limitations as part of ageing | Adaptation to worsening life conditions |
Adaptive system | Balance among dimensions | Dynamic nonlinear interaction | Dynamic over time | |
Emotional balance | Flow of energy, listening to and respecting its rhythms | Functional adaptation | Health and peace are dynamic | |
Health as a process | Health as a state of balance | Health can be fleeting both lost and regained | Health is a dynamic state | |
Interactions | Maximal functional adaptation to illness or disability | Never-ending system of events | Overcoming health problems | |
Process individuals go through during illness and health | Rhythmic pattern of living | Subject to change | ||
Multi-sided (Health is not related only to the physical dimension, but involves several dimensions) | Extends beyond the physical | Health as complex system | Health as comprehensive view | Health as holistic |
Health is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity | Health is not only normal physical function | Mind, body, soul or spirit concept | More than physical | |
More than the absence of disease or illness | Multi-facetted concept | Multidimensional | Multidimensional, complex, elusive | |
Not just focus on illness/disease elimination | Not merely the absence of problems | Person is more than his illness | Salutogenic health concept | |
Tied to quality of life concept | ||||
Self-management (Having self-control in life and in the health process) | Ability to do something independently | Ability to handle daily life activities | Ability to make health-related decisions | Ability to self-manage |
Absence or management of symptoms | Action and repetition of action in the health process | Autonomy | Autonomy and independency | |
Being able to trust one’s ability | Capability to cope and manage malaise and wellbeing conditions | Control their lives | Experiencing enough energy in their own world | |
Focus on a person’s strength | Independence | Manage daily activities | Manage one’s daily tasks | |
Positive thinking and resourcefulness | Responsibility for yourself and others | Self-acceptance | Self-control | |
Self-esteem | Self-esteem, self-concept | To be aware of one’s worth | To feel secure in oneself | |
Participation (Being active and participating in life) | Ability to be active and participating | Ability to live an active life | Being able to work | Being able to perform activities of daily living |
Capacity to perform tasks and fulfil societal roles | Dynamic participation in the world | Health as basic necessity or requirements to engage in activities | Participating in daily life | |
Participation | ||||
Satisfying life (Values that contribute satisfaction in life) | Ability to flourish | Ability to live a life that makes sense | Ability to satisfy by themselves the needs of daily live | Ability to take care of children |
Attitude towards life | Being in the world | Capacity to realize creaturely flourishing | Caring for others | |
Connectedness with others | Contextual features of human society | Experience harmony in life | Experience meaningfulness in life | |
Feel hope for the future | Good social contacts | Have a peaceful and positive feeling inside | Health as a commodity | |
Health as a value | Health is about the whole life | Life satisfaction | Life worthy of equal human dignity | |
Optimism | Peace in the family | Presence of multiple life satisfactions | Purpose in life | |
Relationships with family | Social life satisfactory | Suffering as natural part of life | To live the good life | |
Understanding of the goods, goals, and ends of human life | ||||
Subjective (Personal perceptions and experiences about health) | Bodily phenomena | Current feelings | Disability is a state or experience of individuals | Enhancing personal strength |
Existential and subjective perspective of human experience | Experience of the being | Health as a resource for daily living | Health beliefs | |
Health is based on individual and collective understandings of everyday realities | Health is subjective | Perceived health | Personal and social resources | |
Personal evaluation of wellbeing | Personal experience | Person-centred and society-centred perspectives and values | Phenomenological ontology | |
Self-perception | Subjective experience | Subjective features of human valuing | Subjective state | |
Subjective wellbeing | ||||
Daily functioning (Daily functioning in life) | Ability to achieve a basic cluster of beings and doings | Avoiding undesirable responses | Do what we always do | Functional health |
Functional states | Functionalist | Functionality and ability | Functioning | |
Functioning in everyday life | Having desired emotional, cognitive, behavioural responses | Health-related behaviour | Mental health and functioning | |
Objective features of human biology | ||||