Table 2 Characteristics of MUA/P ZIP Codes included and not included in FQHC service areas using UDS-based approach

Total ZIP codes

4,600

1,242

5,527

-

Mean ZIP population (SD)

20,577 (18,598)

14,820 (14,508)

6,471 (8,918)

-

Total population (2015, millions)

94.7

18.4

35.8

Population-Level Characteristics:

 Age: <  = 20 years old

26.8%

25.8%

25.2%

0.99 [0.98–1.00]

 20–64 years old

60.1%

59.6%

58.5%

-

 65 + years old

13.1%

14.6%

16.3%

0.98 [0.97–0.99]

 Race: White

63.5%

75.1%

81.5%

-

 Black

20.4%

13.6%

9.5%

1.09 [1.04–1.14]

 Asian

4.3%

3.7%

2.5%

0.87 [0.69–1.1]

 American Indian/ Alaska Native

0.9%

0.7%

1.3%

0.69 [0.58–0.81]

 Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander

0.2%

0.1%

0.1%

0.75 [0.21–2.7]

 Other

7.6%

4.0%

2.5%

1.00 [0.81–1.23]

 Two Plus

3.1%

2.7%

2.5%

1.47 [1.11–1.94]

 Ethnicity: Hispanic

25.7%

15.7%

10.9%

0.87 [0.80–0.95]

 Place of birth: Foreign born

16.3%

10.7%

7.3%

1.52 [1.28–1.81]

 HH income: < 200% FPL

44.5%

37.9%

33.3%

1.32 [1.10–1.57]

 Insurance type: Private

53.7%

61.6%

65.5%

-

 Public

37.6%

33.1%

32.6%

1.14 [1.04–1.26]

 Uninsured

16.6%

14.4%

12.5%

1.19 [1.05–1.34]

ZIP Code-Level Characteristics:

 Urbanicity: Urban

50.8%

33.2%

20.6%

-

 Large rural

23.2%

32.0%

36.4%

0.53 [0.44–0.64]

 Small rural

9.1%

13.1%

13.1%

0.56 [0.44–0.72]

 Isolated rural

16.9%

21.7%

29.8%

0.45 [0.36–0.56]

 Rural Health Clinic

42.7%

49.6%

58.2%

0.72 [0.62–0.83]

 HSPA: Primary Care

74.6%

69.3%

65.1%

1.08 [0.92–1.27]

 Mental Health

72.0%

72.1%

67.6%

1.38 [1.15–1.65]

 Dental Health

71.5%

66.3%

58.5%

1.37 [1.16–1.61]

Medicaid Expansion State

57.9%

51.0%

51.9%

1.06 [0.89–1.26]

 Northeast

14.8%

9.8%

11.2%

-

 South

46.1%

51.5%

45.9%

1.02 [0.78–1.34]

 Midwest

18.4%

22.6%

30.7%

1.12 [0.87–1.46]

 West

20.7%

16.0%

12.1%

1.57 [1.17–2.10]