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Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in the review

From: Parent satisfaction with sustained home visiting care for mothers and children: an integrative review

Author, Year

Country

Study design

Participants

Frequency of home visits, intervention duration, and providers

Quantitative studies

Kemp et al., 2019 [8]

Australia

Randomised controlled trial

N = 352

Women < 37 weeks gestation, having sufficient English proficiency, having two or more of ten sociodemographic risk factors by screening

Intended frequency: Antenatal—fortnightly, birth to 6 weeks—weekly, 1.5 to 3 months—fortnightly, 6 months to 2 years—bi-monthly

Duration: antenatal to 2 years

Providers: nurses

Goldfeld et al., 2018 [48]

Australia

Randomised controlled trial

N = 722 (Intervention = 363, Control = 359)

Women < 37 weeks gestation, having sufficient English proficiency, having two or more of ten sociodemographic risk factors

Intended frequency: Antenatal—fortnightly, birth to 6 weeks—weekly, 1.5 to 3 months—fortnightly, 6 months to 2 years—bi-monthly

Duration: antenatal to 2 years

Providers: nurses

Fraser et al., 2000 [49]

Australia

Randomised controlled trial

N = 181(Intervention = 90, Comparison = 91)

Mothers at risks (one of the risk of sole parent, ambivalence, domestic violence, childhood abuse, OR three or more of eight sociodemographic risks)

Intended frequency: Weekly visits until the infant was 6 weeks old, fortnightly visit until the infant was 3 months old, then monthly visit until the age of 12 months

Duration: after birth to 1 year

Providers: nurses

Armstrong et al., 1999 [50]

Australia

Randomised controlled trial

N = 181(Intervention = 90, Comparison = 91)

Mothers at risks (one of the risk of sole parent, ambivalence, domestic violence, childhood abuse, OR three or more of eight sociodemographic risks)

Intended frequency: Weekly visits from the primary visiting nurse until the child age 6 weeks, fortnightly visit until the child age 3 months, monthly visit until the child age 12 months

Duration: after birth to 1 year

Providers: nurses

Armstrong et al., 2000 [51]

Australia

Randomised controlled trial

N = 160(Intervention = 80, Comparison = 80)

Mothers at risks (one of the risk of sole parent, ambivalence, domestic violence, childhood abuse, OR three or more of eight sociodemographic risks)

Intended frequency: Weekly visits from the primary visiting nurse until the child age 6 weeks, fortnightly visit until the child age 3 months, monthly visit until the child age 12 months

Duration: after birth to 1 year

Providers: nurses

Christie & Bunting, 2011 [52]

Ireland

Randomised controlled trial

N = 295 (Intervention = 136, Control = 159)

First-time low risk mothers

Intended frequency: Six home visits from 10 – 14 days to 8 weeks postpartum (weekly home visit). Families were followed-up at 7 months postpartum

Duration: after birth to 8 weeks

Providers: nurses

Bashour et al., 2008 [53]

Syria

Randomised controlled trial

N = 876

3 groups: 4 postnatal visits (n = 285), one visit (n = 294), or no visit (n = 297)

Intended frequency: One or four postnatal visits on day 3 (for one visit) and day 1, 3, 7, and 30 after childbirth (for four visits)

Providers: midwives

Brand & Jungmann, 2014 [34]

Germany

Cross-sectional study

N = 434

Low-income, first-time mothers

Intended frequency: Weekly in the first four weeks of program participation, bi-weekly after that until child ages 2 years

Duration: Antenatal period (12–28 weeks pregnant) to child ages 2 years

Providers: midwives

Brand & Jungmann, 2012 [54]

Germany

Quasi‐experimental study

N = 430

Low-income, first-time mothers

Intended frequency: Weekly in the first four weeks of program participation, bi-weekly after that until child ages 2 years

Duration: Antenatal period (12–28 weeks pregnant) to child ages 2 years

Providers: midwives

Qualitative studies

Zapart et al., 2016 [55]

Australia

Qualitative descriptive study

N = 36

Reported frequency: On average, participants received 20 home visits of the program’s 25 scheduled visits

Duration: Antenatal to 104 weeks after birth

Providers: nurses

DeMay, 2003 [56]

USA

Qualitative study (content analysis)

N = 62, Intervention group = 22, current practice group = 40

Reported frequency: Intervention group received almost twice the average number of visits per year (8 and 4.8 respectively) and twice the average amount of time per visit (120 and 60 min, respectively) as current practice group clients

Duration: no specific description

Providers: nurses

Landy et al., 2012 [57]

Canada

Qualitative case study

N = 18

Low income, young (< = 21 years), and first-time mothers

Reported frequency: biweekly except during the first month of the intervention and the first postpartum month, when nurses visit weekly

Duration: Before 29 weeks gestation until the child age 1 year

Providers: nurses

Byrd, 1998 [58]

USA

Qualitative descriptive study

N = 11 (One nurse and 10 clients)

Reported frequency: every one to two weeks

Duration: no specific description, but data collection took 8 months

Providers: nurse