Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening for diabetic retinopathy in rural China

Table 2 Health system and Societal Costs Per Person for DR Screening and Treatment in US Dollars

Cost Items	Cost ($)	Sensitivity Analysis Range
Health System costs
1. Screening
AI software	1.447	0.723–2.17
Ophthalmologist salary	3.213	1.606–4.819
Eye examination	1.63	0.815–2.445
2. Follow-up visit
Follow-up examination	2.199	1.099–3.298
3. Laser treatment	347.177	173.589–520.766
Societal costs
1. Income loss
Blindness (for the first year) [34]	8,920	4,460–13,380
Blindness (in the following years) [34]	3,600	1,800–5,400
Screening	3.18	1.59–4.77
Treatment	12.7	6.35–19.05
2. Transportation [35]
Screening	0.58	0.29–0.87
Follow-up visit	2.30	1.15–3.45

AI screening costs include cost of AI software and eye examination while ophthalmologist screening costs include salaries of ophthalmologist and eye examination. The costs of AI screening group’s follow-up visit include cost of AI software and follow-up examination. The costs of ophthalmologist screening group’s follow-up visit include cost of ophthalmologist salaries and follow-up examination

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