Table 4 Comparison of PIVC insertion characteristics and outcome, by DIVA risk (assessed by treating clinician)

First attempt insertion success, n (%, 95 CI)

23 (82%; 68–96)

23 (59%; 46–74)

5 (46%; 16–75)

Number of attempts, median (IQR)

1 (1–1)

1 (1–3)

2 (1–5)

 Developing inserter

6 (21)

3 (8)

0 (0)

 Confident Inserter

15 (54)

15 (38)

4 (36)

 Advanced inserter

7 (25)

21 (54)

7 (64)

 Developing inserter

6 (21)

2 (5)

0 (0)

 Confident Inserter

16 (54)

14 (36)

0 (0)

 Advanced inserter

7 (25)

23 (59)

11 (100)

 Rating of insertion difficulty^b, median (IQR)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–5)^c

5 (3–7)