Table 2 Description of included studies

Dennett 2021 [27];

Dennett 2021 [28] Australia

Design: Prospective pre-post designQualitative exploration

Evaluation: 6 months

Adult cancer survivors (n = 64) currently receiving or preparing for cancer treatment (curative or palliative) admitted as an inpatient or outpatient

Age: 63 ± 11yrs

Gender: Male: n = 41; 56%; Female: n = 32, 44%

Cancer unit — inpatient oncology ward + outpatient day oncology center offering chemotherapy — embedded in a publicly funded tertiary hospital

Exercise-based rehabilitation within a hospital-based cancer treatment center

Individually tailored, physiotherapist-led group-based circuit exercise class

Frequency: 1-2x/wk

Duration: 8 weeks

All

Kennedy 2020 [29];

Newton 2020 [30] Australia

Design:

Retrospective evaluation

Evaluation: 50 months

Individuals (n = 73) receiving radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy

Median age: 58.5; IQR: 48-67)

Gender: Female: n = 43, 67.2%; male: n = 21, 32.8%

Cancer type: Breast: n = 39, 60.9%; Prostate: n = 13, 20.3%; Colorectal: n = 3, 4.7%; Lung: n = 3, 4.7%; Other: n = 6, 9.4%

Secondary cancer report: n = 3, 4.8%

Treatment type: Radiation: n = 55, 85.9%; Chemo: n = 4, 6.3%); Radio + chemo: n = 5, 7.8%

Private oncology care clinic (GenesisCare) providing primarily outpatient-based radiation therapy and medical oncology treatments

Exercise service Clinic (Co-LEC) established in 2013 by researchers from Edit Cowan University, in partnership with GenesisCare

Patient tailored (progressive)/group-based resistance (2-3 sets; 6-12 reps) + aerobic exercise (20mins; 60%-80% estimated HRmax) delivered by an AEP

Frequency: 60mins/session; 2-3x/wk

Duration: Throughout treatment course (Average: 13wks)

All

Dalzell 2017 [31] Canada

Design: Prospective

Evaluation: 60 months

234 new and follow-up cancer patients e.g., sample demographics for sample 2 months evaluation (multiple cancer types;)

Mean Age: 52 ± 15.5yrs

Female: 65%

Patients on active treatment: 52%

Patients with advanced disease or metastatic cancer: 35.5%

Bone metastasis: 16%

Bone metastasis: 16%

Integrated oncology and palliative care center within a publicly funded general hospital

Multimodal rehabilitation care model with hospital-based exercise oncology referral component

(ActivOnco) embedded in a cancer center

Individualized plus group-based multicomponent exercise with patient education, exercise counseling, and self-management

All but sustainability and cost

Dennett 2017 [32] Australia

Design: Ex post facto design using mixed methods approachEvaluation: 2 wks

Patients with different cancer diagnoses, disease stages, and treatment status

Public and private hospitals/cancer centers across 6 states/territories

31 eligible programs identified from 56 public settings and 9 private settings

Individualized exercise program (Block = 14 programs; rolling = 17 programs) comprising mainly a combination of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercise

6-10 patients/session

Frequency/duration: Outpatient: 2x/wk for 8wks; inpatient: 2x/day for the duration of inpatient stay (~ 2 wks)

All but sustainability and cost