Table 1 Operationalization of implementation outcomes
From: A scoping review examining the integration of exercise services in clinical oncology settings
Outcomes | Definition | Measurement metrics |
Reach/Penetration | The absolute representativeness of individuals, including healthcare providers and patients, and organizations who are willing to utilize exercise services integrated as part of cancer care | • Total number of referrals for exercise-based rehabilitation relative to the total eligible patient population |
Service uptake/adoption | Service utilization by an organization as evidenced by reports on the total number of staff referring patients for exercise-based rehabilitation | • Number of patient referrers |
Acceptability | The extent to which exercise services is deemed suitable, satisfactory, and attractive to the patients or the healthcare providers | • Number of accepted referrals • Service compliance (including attrition) • Adverse events |
Patient satisfaction | The extent to which exercise services is deemed satisfactory by the patients | • Documented reports on patient satisfaction |
Implementation | The extent to which exercise-based rehabilitation can be delivered to the intended population successfully | • Workforce • Equipment • Service promotion • Referral mechanism/pathway • Program structure • Session duration • Funding |
Cost | The cost implications of service implementation | • Salaries • Purchase cost • Delivery cost |
Fidelity | The degree of service providers’ compliance with existing pre-implementation plan and recommendation guidelines | • Documented efforts including strategies to ensure fidelity including consistency of service delivery |
Sustainability | The extent to which exercise services becomes institutionalized as a standard in routine cancer care | • [infra]structural adjustments • Increased workforce • Increased funding |