Yes (n = 651) | No (n = 341) | p-value | Odds Ratio (OR)a [95%CI] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Practice location | ||||
Urban practice | 538 (82.6%) | 282 (82.7%) | 0.98 | – |
More than one practice location | 216 (33.2%) | 131 (38.4%) | 0.10 | – |
Co-located with other health professionals (‘yes’) | ||||
Osteopath | 432 (66.4%) | 211 (61.9%) | 0.16 | – |
General Practitioner | 45 (6.9%) | 27 (7.9%) | 0.56 | – |
Specialist Medical Practitioner | 15 (2.3%) | 16 (4.7%) | 0.04 | 0.48 [0.23, 0.98] |
Podiatrist | 123 (18.9%) | 24 (7.0%) | < 0.01 | 3.08 [1.94, 4.87] |
Physiotherapist | 100 (15.4%) | 44 (12.9%) | 0.30 | – |
Exercise Physiologist | 99 (15.2%) | 25 (7.3%) | < 0.01 | 2.27 [1.43, 3.59] |
Occupational Therapist | 13 (2.0%) | 6 (1.8%) | 0.79 | – |
Psychologist | 120 (18.4%) | 71 (20.8%) | 0.36 | – |
Massage Therapist | 343 (52.7%) | 158 (46.3%) | 0.06 | – |
Acupuncturist | 116 (17.8%) | 72 (21.1%) | 0.21 | – |
Naturopath | 130 (20.0%) | 63 (18.5%) | 0.57 | – |
Dietician | 49 (7.5%) | 23 (6.7%) | 0.65 | – |
Nutritionist | 50 (7.7%) | 28 (8.2%) | 0.77 | – |
Send referrals to other health professionals (‘yes’) | ||||
Osteopath | 356 (54.7%) | 150 (44.0%) | < 0.01 | 1.54 [1.18, 2.00] |
General Practitioner | 613 (94.2%) | 265 (77.7%) | < 0.01 | 4.62 [3.05, 7.01] |
Specialist Medical Practitioner | 343 (52.7%) | 100 (29.3%) | < 0.01 | 2.68 [2.03, 3.55] |
Podiatrist | – | – | – | – |
Physiotherapist | 266 (40.9%) | 65 (19.1%) | < 0.01 | 2.93 [2.15, 4.00] |
Exercise Physiologist | 306 (47.0%) | 92 (27.0%) | < 0.01 | 2.40 [1.80, 3.19] |
Occupational Therapist | 87 (13.4%) | 19 (5.6%) | < 0.01 | 2.61 [1.56, 4.37] |
Psychologist | 265 (40.7%) | 84 (24.6%) | < 0.01 | 2.10 [1.57, 2.81] |
Massage Therapist | 492 (75.6%) | 179 (52.5%) | < 0.01 | 2.80 [2.12, 3.70] |
Acupuncturist | 335 (51.5%) | 116 (34.0%) | < 0.01 | 2.05 [1.56, 2.70] |
Naturopath | 356 (54.7%) | 121 (35.5%) | < 0.01 | 2.19 [1.67, 2.87] |
Dietician | 136 (20.9%) | 31 (9.1%) | < 0.01 | 2.64 [1.74, 3.99] |
Nutritionist | 94 (14.4%) | 35 (10.3%) | 0.06 | – |
Receive referrals from other health professionals (‘yes’) | ||||
Osteopath | 429 (65.9%) | 185 (54.3%) | < 0.01 | 1.63 [1.24, 2.13] |
General Practitioner | 594 (91.2%) | 292 (85.6%) | < 0.01 | 1.75 [1.16, 2.62] |
Specialist Medical Practitioner | 168 (25.8%) | 69 (20.2%) | 0.05 | – |
Podiatrist | 418 (64.2%) | 53 (15.5%) | < 0.01 | 9.75 [6.98, 13.61] |
Physiotherapist | 190 (29.2%) | 76 (22.3%) | 0.02 | 1.44 [1.06, 1.95] |
Exercise Physiologist | 196 (30.1%) | 62 (18.2%) | < 0.01 | 1.94 [1.40, 2.67] |
Occupational Therapist | 47 (7.2%) | 14 (4.1%) | 0.05 | – |
Psychologist | 96 (14.7%) | 58 (17.0%) | 0.35 | – |
Massage Therapist | 529 (81.3%) | 225 (66.0%) | < 0.01 | 2.23 [1.66, 3.01] |
Acupuncturist | 265 (40.7%) | 105 (30.8%) | < 0.01 | 1.54 [1.17, 2.04] |
Naturopath | 285 (43.8%) | 115 (33.7%) | < 0.01 | 1.53 [1.16, 2.01] |
Dietician | 28 (4.3%) | 11 (3.2%) | 0.41 | – |
Nutritionist | 37 (5.7%) | 18 (5.3%) | 0.79 | – |
Diagnostic imaging | ||||
Referral for imaging (‘often’) | 48 (7.4%) | 25 (7.3%) | 0.98 | – |
Investigation of unknown pathologies | 496 (76.2%) | 246 (72.1%) | 0.16 | – |
Investigation of suspected diagnosis | 562 (86.3%) | 273 (80.1%) | 0.01 | 1.57 [1.11, 2.22] |
Investigation of potential fractures | 496 (76.2%) | 254 (74.5%) | 0.55 | – |
Rule out risk factors prior to treatment | 174 (26.7%) | 98 (28.7%) | 0.50 | – |
General screening of the spine | 13 (2.0%) | 19 (5.6%) | < 0.01 | 0.34 [0.17, 0.71] |
Patient assessment (‘yes’) | ||||
Orthopaedic testing | 646 (99.2%) | 322 (94.4%) | < 0.01 | 7.62 [2.82, 20.60] |
Clinical assessment algorithm | 320 (49.2%) | 148 (43.4%) | 0.08 | – |
Neurological testing | 611 (93.9%) | 307 (90.0%) | 0.03 | 1.69 [1.05, 2.72] |
Screening questionnaire | 433 (66.5%) | 200 (58.7%) | 0.01 | 1.40 [1.07, 1.83] |
Cranial nerve testing | 443 (68.0%) | 229 (6.72%) | 0.77 | – |
Payment strategies | ||||
HICAPS | 603 (92.8%) | 301 (88.8%) | 0.03 | 1.62 [1.03, 2.54] |
Medicare EasyClaim | 302 (46.4%) | 129 (37.8%) | 0.01 | 1.42 [1.09, 1.86] |