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Table 4 The strategic implementation approach

From: Lean adoption, implementation, and outcomes in public hospitals: benchmarking the US and Italy health systems

 

US

Italy

N

%

Mean

SD

N

%

Mean

SD

Approach at the beginning of Lean implementation

142

   

34

   

 Some elements hospital-wide

52

37

  

3

9

  

 Some elements in a small number of departments

52

37

  

22

65

  

 Some elements in a single department

13

9

  

9

26

  

 Comprehensive DMS hospital-wide

11

8

  

0

0

  

 Comprehensive DMS in a small number of departments

9

6

  

0

0

  

 Comprehensive DMS in a single department

5

4

  

0

0

  

Initiated Lean with a model cell

143

   

35

   

 Yes

84

59

  

24

69

  

 No

59

41

  

11

31

  

Have a True North vision

139

   

35

   

 Yes

68

49

  

19

54

  

 No

71

51

  

16

46

  

Overall Lean leadership commitment index (range: 0–8)

139

 

4.7

2.48

35

 

4.6

2.18

Have a central improvement team

139

   

35

   

 Yes

87

63

  

20

57

  

 No

52

37

  

15

43

  

Ever used an outside consultant

138

   

35

   

 Yes

100

72

  

2

6

  

 No

38

28

  

33

94