US | Italy | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | Mean | SD | N | % | Mean | SD | |
Approach at the beginning of Lean implementation | 142 | 34 | ||||||
Some elements hospital-wide | 52 | 37 | 3 | 9 | ||||
Some elements in a small number of departments | 52 | 37 | 22 | 65 | ||||
Some elements in a single department | 13 | 9 | 9 | 26 | ||||
Comprehensive DMS hospital-wide | 11 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Comprehensive DMS in a small number of departments | 9 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Comprehensive DMS in a single department | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Initiated Lean with a model cell | 143 | 35 | ||||||
Yes | 84 | 59 | 24 | 69 | ||||
No | 59 | 41 | 11 | 31 | ||||
Have a True North vision | 139 | 35 | ||||||
Yes | 68 | 49 | 19 | 54 | ||||
No | 71 | 51 | 16 | 46 | ||||
Overall Lean leadership commitment index (range: 0–8) | 139 | 4.7 | 2.48 | 35 | 4.6 | 2.18 | ||
Have a central improvement team | 139 | 35 | ||||||
Yes | 87 | 63 | 20 | 57 | ||||
No | 52 | 37 | 15 | 43 | ||||
Ever used an outside consultant | 138 | 35 | ||||||
Yes | 100 | 72 | 2 | 6 | ||||
No | 38 | 28 | 33 | 94 |