Table 1 Baseline Patient Characteristics (2003–2009)

Age (years)

68.2

68.7

69.5

< 0.01

Median household income

< 0.01

 First quartile

2657 (24.4%)

1529 (23.4%)

4094 (27.3%)

 Second quartile

2500 (23.0%)

1318 (20.2%)

4226 (28.2%)

 Third quartile

2705 (24.9%)

1593 (24.4%)

3793 (25.3%)

 Fourth quartile

2729 (25.1%)

1924 (29.5%)

2504 (16.7%)

 Unknown

282 (2.6%)

162 (2.5%)

390 (2.6%)

Payer status

< 0.01

 Medicare

6286 (57.8%)

3890 (59.6%)

9534 (63.5%)

 Medicaid

763 (7.0%)

382 (5.9%)

726 (4.8%)

 Private insurance

2838 (26.1%)

1768 (27.1%)

3542 (23.6%)

 Self-pay / no charge / other

986 (9.1%)

486 (7.4%)

1205 (8.0%)

 Congestive heart failure

6000 (55.2%)

3477 (53.3%)

8091 (53.9%)

0.03

 Valvular disease

2142 (19.7%)

1143 (17.5%)

2879 (19.2%)

< 0.01

 Pulmonary circulation disorders

564 (5.2%)

280 (4.3%)

647 (4.3%)

< 0.01

 Peripheral vascular disease

1132 (10.4%)

628 (9.6%)

1439 (9.6%)

0.06

 Paralysis

108 (1.0%)

52 (0.8%)

131 (0.9%)

0.37

 Neurologic disease

599 (5.5%)

343 (5.3%)

826 (5.5%)

0.73

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2162 (19.9%)

1464 (22.4%)

3641 (24.3%)

< 0.01

 Diabetes mellitus, uncomplicated

2284 (21.0%)

1408 (21.6%)

3115 (20.8%)

0.4

 Diabetes mellitus, with chronic complications

559 (5.1%)

331 (5.1%)

692 (4.6%)

0.11

 Hypothyroidism

532 (4.9%)

342 (5.2%)

814 (5.4%)

0.16

 Chronic kidney disease

1821 (16.7%)

1179 (18.1%)

2543 (16.9%)

0.06

 Liver disease

142 (1.3%)

85 (1.3%)

189 (1.3%)

0.94

 Lymphoma

62 (0.6%)

33 (0.5%)

92 (0.6%)

0.63

 Solid tumor without metastasis

304 (2.8%)

142 (2.2%)

371 (2.5%)

0.03

 Metastatic cancer

128 (1.2%)

62 (1.0%)

165 (1.1%)

0.38

 Collagen vascular disease

145 (1.3%)

98 (1.5%)

228 (1.5%)

0.44

 Coagulopathy

1337 (12.3%)

671 (10.3%)

1336 (8.9%)

< 0.01

 Obesity

508 (4.7%)

365 (5.6%)

828 (5.5%)

< 0.01

 Weight loss

641 (5.9%)

423 (6.5%)

804 (5.4%)

< 0.01

 Fluid and electrolyte disorders

3973 (36.5%)

2435 (37.3%)

5278 (35.2%)

< 0.01

 Chronic blood loss anemia

188 (1.7%)

118 (1.8%)

279 (1.9%)

0.74

 Deficiency anemia

1325 (12.2%)

922 (14.1%)

1753 (11.7%)

< 0.01

 Alcohol abuse

347 (3.2%)

168 (2.6%)

452 (3.0%)

0.07

 Drug abuse

168 (1.5%)

85 (1.3%)

172 (1.1%)

0.02

 Psychoses

176 (1.6%)

93 (1.4%)

189 (1.3%)

0.05

 Depression

294 (2.7%)

158 (2.4%)

380 (2.5%)

0.49

 Hypertension

4746 (43.6%)

3003 (46.0%)

6702 (44.7%)

0.01