Table 4 Predictors as per logistic regression, presented as Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval). All Odds Ratios significant at p < 0.05
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | Cluster 5 | Cluster 6 | Cluster 7 | Cluster 8 | Cluster 9 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics |
n = 31.3 15.3% |
n = 35.1 17.1% |
n = 15.4 7.5% |
n = 26.7 13.0% |
n = 20.2 9.8% |
n = 25.4 12.4% |
n = 15.0 7.3% |
n = 18.1 8.8% |
n = 18.1 8.8% | |
| Age, in years | 18–29 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| 30–39 |
1.09 0.90; 1.31 |
1.23 1.10; 1.39 |
0.89 0.75; 1.05 |
1.10 0.94; 1.29 |
0.98 0.85; 1.13 |
0.74 0.63; 0.86 |
0.96 0.83; 1.11 |
1.21 1.00; 1.45 | ||
| 40–49 |
1.15 0.96; 1.38 |
1.19 1.05;1.34 |
1.13 0.96; 1.33 |
1.00 0.84; 1.18 |
1.02 0.88; 1.17 |
0.79 0.68; 0.92 |
0.84 0.73; 0.98 |
1.23 1.02; 1.49 | ||
| 50–64 |
1.68 1.41; 1.99 |
1.12 0.99; 1.27 |
1.40 1.20; 1.64 |
0.98 0.82; 1.17 |
0.86 0.74; 0.99 |
0.57 0.48; 0.68 |
0.88 0.76; 1.03 |
0.98 0.81; 1.20 | ||
| > 65 |
2.45 1.97; 3.06 |
0.88 0.70; 1.10 |
2.01 1.61; 2.50 |
0.49 0.31; 0.77 |
0.49 0.37; 0.65 |
0.37 0.25; 0.57 |
0.68 0.50; 0.93 |
0.73 0.52; 1.02 | ||
| Gender | Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Female |
1.49 1.35; 1.65 |
1.30 1.20; 1.41 |
0.82 0.72; 0.92 |
1.72 1.55; 1.91 |
0.43 0.38; 0.49 |
0.77 0.70; 0.85 |
0.67 0.59; 0.75 |
1.21 1.09; 1.34 |
0.62 0.55; 0.71 | |
| Ethnicity | Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Hispanic |
0.59 0.49; 0.71 |
0.88 0.75; 1.03 |
1.35 1.16; 1.57 |
1.32 1.14; 1.53 |
1.25 1.07; 1.46 | |||||
| Black |
0.62 0.52; 0.74 |
0.90 0.74; 1.09 |
1.41 1.18; 1.68 |
1.22 1.05; 1.42 |
1.13 0.93; 1.36 | |||||
| Asian |
0.44 0.34; 0.58 |
1.31 1.03; 1.67 |
1.61 1.25; 2.06 |
1.19 0.96; 1.48 |
1.38 1.09; 1.75 | |||||
| Other |
0.38 0.16; 0.89 |
1.37 0.79; 2.40 |
1.48 0.85; 2.59 |
1.24 0.68; 2.26 |
1.14 0.56; 2.35 | |||||
| Region | West | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Northeast |
0.84 0.74; 0.96 |
0.50 0.41; 0.62 |
1.62 1.39; 1.89 |
1.54 1.29; 1.85 |
0.70 0.59; 0.82 |
1.33 1.09; 1.63 | ||||
| Midwest |
0.81 0.72; 0.91 |
0.68 0.57; 0.80 |
1.33 1.15; 1.55 |
1.18 0.99; 1.41 |
0.91 0.79; 1.04 |
1.27 1.05; 1.53 | ||||
| South |
0.87 0.79; 0.97 |
0.87 0.75; 1.00 |
1.32 1.15; 1.52 |
1.18 1.00; 1.39 |
0.83 0.73; 0.95 |
1.41 1.19; 1.67 | ||||
| Education | Less than high school | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| High school |
2.18 1.67; 2.86 |
1.05 0.87; 1.26 |
1.81 1.42; 2.31 |
0.63 0.54; 0.73 |
1.32 1.09; 1.60 |
1.09 0.90; 1.33 |
0.72 0.61; 0.86 | |||
| College or more |
3.31 2.52; 4.35 |
0.79 0.64; 0.97 |
2.07 1.61; 2.66 |
0.39 0.32; 0.47 |
1.08 0.89; 1.32 |
1.33 1.09; 1.62 |
0.55 0.45; 0.67 | |||
| Income | < 20.000 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 20.000–34.999 |
1.08 0.93; 1.26 |
1.37 1.18; 1.58 |
0.87 0.75; 1.02 |
0.78 0.68; 0.90 |
1.07 0.91; 1.25 | |||||
| 35.000–64.999 |
1.15 0.99; 1.33 |
1.14 0.96; 1.34 |
0.95 0.82; 1.10 |
0.68 0.57; 0.80 |
0.76 0.63; 0.91 | |||||
| > 65.000 |
1.31 1.11; 1.54 |
0.84 0.71; 0.91 |
1.17 1.00; 1.38 |
0.39 0.30; 0.50 |
0.51 0.40; 0.65 | |||||
| Marital status | in relationship | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| not in relationship |
1.22 1.10; 1.37 |
0.81 0.71; 0.91 |
0.86 0.77; 0.98 | |||||||
| BMI | 18.5 to 25 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| up to 18.5 |
0.77 0.47; 1.26 |
1.23 0.83; 1.83 |
1.57 0.99; 2.50 | |||||||
| 25–30 |
1.05 0.92; 1.21 |
1.05 0.93; 1.18 |
1.22 1.04; 1.43 | |||||||
| 30 and more |
1.20 1.03; 1.38 |
0.86 0.75; 0.98 |
1.31 1.12; 1.54 | |||||||
| Health status | very good/excellent | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| good |
1.33 1.18; 1.49 |
1.19 1.04; 1.36 |
0.93 0.83; 1.05 |
0.81 0.72; 0.91 |
0.71 0.62; 0.81 |
1.33 1.16; 1.53 | ||||
| fair to poor |
2.18 1.81; 2.63 |
0.99 0.77; 1.27 |
0.54 0.42; 0.71 |
0.77 0.61; 0.97 |
0.38 0.27; 0.55 |
1.75 1.42; 2.16 | ||||
| Multiple chronic conditions | no condition | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| one condition |
1.78 1.58; 2.00 |
1.10 1.00; 1.22 |
0.51 0.43; 0.60 |
1.23 1.09; 1.38 |
0.58 0.49; 0.68 |
1.20 1.07; 1.35 |
0.63 0.53; 0.74 |
0.59 0.51; 0.68 |
1.19 1.03; 1.38 | |
| two conditions |
2.60 2.22; 3.03 |
0.97 0.83;1.13 |
0.50 0.39; 0.66 |
1.28 1.08; 1.52 |
0.30 0.21; 0.42 |
0.93 0.76; 1.13 |
0.27 0.18; 0.40 |
0.39 0.29; 0.51 |
1.17 0.93; 1.47 | |
| ≥ three conditions |
4.76 3.89; 5.82 |
0.58 0.44; 0.75 |
0.15 0.08; 0.29 |
1.07 0.82; 1.39 |
0.33 0.22; 0.51 |
0.69 0.50; 0.96 |
0.18 0.09; 0.36 |
0.18 0.10; 0.34 |
1.43 1.07; 1.90 | |
| Smoking | Non smoking | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Smoking |
0.59 0.51; 0.69 |
0.81 0.70; 0.94 |
1.79 1.57; 2.04 |
0.83 0.72; 0.96 |
1.51 1.31; 1.74 | |||||
| Alcohol consumption | Abstainers | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Light |
1.16 1.03; 1.31 |
1.20 1.09; 1.33 |
1.21 1.07; 1.36 |
0.76 0.67; 0.87 |
0.80 0.71; 0.89 |
0.82 0.71; 0.95 | ||||
| Moderate to heavy |
1.06 0.92; 1.23 |
1.20 1.07; 1.35 |
1.17 1.01; 1.35 |
0.87 0.74; 1.01 |
0.81 0.71; 0.93 |
0.78 0.65; 0.93 | ||||
| Exercise | Sedentary | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderate level |
1.00 0.90; 1.12 |
1.28 1.11; 1.48 |
1.11 0.98; 1.26 |
0.65 0.55; 0.77 |
0.71 0.62; 0.82 |
1.30 1.15; 1.47 |
0.75 0.62; 0.90 | |||
| High level |
1.25 1.06; 1.48 |
1.19 0.95; 1.49 |
1.27 1.04; 1.56 |
0.76 0.60; 0.95 |
0.80 0.65; 0.99 |
0.87 0.69; 1.09 |
0.77 0.58; 1.02 | |||
| Health insurance | no insurance | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
| public |
3.76 2.87; 4.92 |
1.45 1.21; 1.74 |
0.30 0.23; 0.39 |
2.24 1.74; 2.89 |
0.32 0.26; 0.40 |
3.33 2.63; 4.22 |
1.43 1.15; 1.79 | |||
| private |
3.37 2.68; 4.24 |
1.54 1.36; 1.74 |
0.36 0.31; 0.41 |
2.45 2.00; 2.99 |
0.27 0.23; 0.31 |
3.15 2.61; 3.79 |
0.99 0.84; 1.17 | |||
| Could not afford | Prescription medication |
1.22 1.03; 1.44 |
0.73 0.60; 0.90 |
0.67 0.48; 0.94 |
1.45 1.20; 1.76 | |||||
| Mental Care |
0.65 0.44; 0.97 | |||||||||
| Dental Care |
1.30 1.14; 1.49 |
1.64 1.42; 1.90 |
0.71 0.58; 0.87 |
0.56 0.45; 0.69 |
0.69 0.54; 0.88 |
0.68 0.57; 0.82 | ||||
| Eyeglass |
1.34 1.06; 1.69 |
0.69 0.51; 0.92 |
0.70 0.50; 0.99 | |||||||
| Specialist |
1.86 1.48; 2.34 |