Study | Sample size | Country | Target population | Intervention components | Intervention length | Follow-up duration | Outcome measures | Findings (Between-group differences) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomised Control Trial | ||||||||
Barene [18] 2014 | 118 | Norway | Female nurses and nursing assistants, however participation offered to other hospital employees | IG: Group 1, soccer; Group 2, zumba | 40 weeks | Baseline | VO2 max | – Soccer, + Zumba |
40 weeks | Blood pressure | – | ||||||
CG: No intervention. | Weight BMI Body fat | – Soccer+ Zumba – Soccer+ Zumba + | ||||||
Hewitt [38] 2008 | 20 | United Kingdom | Staff from cytology laboratory | IG: Progressive aerobic exercise program, 4 times a week for 8 weeks and to continue without further advice for another 4 weeks. | 12 weeks | Baseline | Blood pressure | – |
4 weeks | BMI | – | ||||||
8 weeks | VO2max at 2 min | + | ||||||
CG: Maintained their current physical activity level. | 12 weeks | VO2max at 4 min | + | |||||
Biological markers (fasting glucose, total cholesterol) | – | |||||||
Kullgren [39] 2013 | 105 | United States of America | Hospital employees | IG: 24 weeks of monthly weigh ins. Group 1, individual financial incentive of $100 per month; Group 2, group financial incentive of $500 per month (split between group members who hit their target). | 36 weeks | Baseline | PA in last seven days | – |
4 weeks | Restraint in eating | + | ||||||
8 weeks | Weight loss BMI | + + | ||||||
12 weeks | Other weight loss mediators | – | ||||||
16 weeks | ||||||||
20 weeks | ||||||||
36 weeks | ||||||||
CG: Website access. | ||||||||
Lemon [40] 2010 | 806 | United States of America | Employees working at least 20 h/week | IG: Social marketing campaign (newsletter, website, educational materials), StairWELL campaign, physical activity challenges, nutritional signage, healthy menu options. | 2 years | Baseline 12 months 24 months | BMI | – |
Perceptions of organisational commitment to employee health | + | |||||||
Perception of employee normative behaviours | – | |||||||
CG: No intervention | ||||||||
Low [41] 2015 | 57 | United States of America | Female health care workers | IG: Weekly communication on goal setting and, overcoming goals. | 6 months | Baseline 6 months 1 year | Days per week of exercise | +/− |
Readiness to change | – | |||||||
Triglycerides | + | |||||||
CG: Offered classes on (weight/diet, stress, exercise and smoking cessation), gym access and organised walks | Exercise intensity | +/− | ||||||
Weight loss | +/− | |||||||
Stress | +/− | |||||||
Lowe [42] 2010 | 96 | United States of America | Hospital employees | IG: A pricing incentive to purchase low-energy-density foods and education about nutrition in 4 information sessions. | 3 months | Baseline 1 month 2 months 3 months 6 months 12 months | Energy intake | – |
Nutrient intake | – | |||||||
Food selection | – | |||||||
CG: 10 new low-energy-density foods and labelling of food at lunch. | Food intake outside of cafeteria | – | ||||||
Weight BMI | – – | |||||||
Cholesterol | – | |||||||
Matsugaki [43] 2017 | 30 | Japan | Female nurses | IG: Supervised aerobic and resistance training (24 sessions total). | 12 weeks | Baseline | VO2max | + |
12 weeks | Muscle strength | + 180 deg/sec knee extensions | ||||||
CG: Voluntary exercise. | Mental health | – | ||||||
BMI | – | |||||||
Biochemical data | + reactive oxygen metabolites | |||||||
Ostbye [44] 2015 | 550 | United States of America | Employees with obesity | IG: Extensive behavioural coaching. | 14 months | Baseline | Weight BMI | – – |
14 months | Fruit and vegetable servings | +/− | ||||||
CG: Educational intervention. | % energy from fat | + | ||||||
MVPA | – | |||||||
Sedentary time | – | |||||||
Exercise and nutrition goals and planning | – | |||||||
Sugar sweetened beverages intake | – | |||||||
Palumbo [45] 2012 | 11 | United States of America | Nurses > 45 years old | IG: Tai Chi classes once a week, 10 min practice unsupervised for at least 4 days. | 15 weeks | Baseline | Workplace injury | +/− |
15 weeks | Time off | +/− | ||||||
Musculoskeletal injury | – | |||||||
Physical and mental well-being | + functional reach | |||||||
CG: No classes. | Work productivity | +/− | ||||||
Stenner [46] 2020 | 265 | Germany | Middle-aged sedentary women working at a hospital | IG: Endurance training exercise intervention | 6 month | Baseline 6 months | Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak) Body weight Body fat % BMI Work Ability Index total score PA total score PA sports score | + + + – + (item 2 only) + + |
CG: No intervention | ||||||||
Strijk [47] 2012 | 730 | Netherlands | Hospital employees working at least 16 h/week | IG: A vitality exercise program, provision of free fruit and three visits to a Personal Vitality Coach. | 6 months | Baseline 6 months | PA | + |
MVPA | – | |||||||
Fruit intake | + | |||||||
CG: Written information about a healthy lifestyle | VO2max | – | ||||||
Mental health | – | |||||||
Need for recovery | + | |||||||
Thorndike [48] 2012 | 330 | United States of America | Hospital employees | IG: Internet website about goal setting, self-monitoring and behavioural support | 1 year | Baseline | Weight loss BMI | +/− +/− |
10 weeks | Fruit and vegetable servings | +/− | ||||||
12 months | Fatty food intake | +/− | ||||||
CG: No intervention | Sugary food intake | +/− | ||||||
PA | +/− | |||||||
Controlled Before-After | ||||||||
Borg [49] 2010 | 332 | Australia | Inactive health service employees | IG: CG intervention plus four additional newsletters | 12 months | Baseline | Walking minutes per week, | – |
12 months | MVPA minutes per week | + | ||||||
CG: ‘Step by Step’ guidebook, diary cards, pedometer, brochure. | PA per week | – | ||||||
Proportion meeting public health recommendations | – | |||||||
Hamm [50] 2019 | 38 | Canada | Hospital employees | IG: Physical activity counselling plus tailored exercise prescription | 4 months | Baseline 2 months 4 months | BMI Accelerometry Overall fitness score Grip strength Push-ups Leg power Balance Trunk endurance Sit and reach | – – + – + – – – + |
CG: Physical activity counselling | ||||||||
LaCaille [13] 2016 | 500 | United States of America | Hospital employees | IG: Pedometer distribution, StairWELL campaign, labelling all foods in worksite cafeteria and vending machines, traffic light system, influential employees, persuasive messaging throughout the hospital. | 12 months | Baseline 6 months | BMI Weight loss | – – |
12 months | Waist circumference | – | ||||||
Physical activity | + | |||||||
Fruit and vegetable servings | + | |||||||
Knowledge about energy balance | – | |||||||
Perceptions of employer’s commitment to well-being | + | |||||||
CG: No intervention | ||||||||
Sallon [51] 2017 | 215 | Israel | Hospital employees | IG: CCG intervention (Cognitive, somatic, emotive-expressive, dynamic-interactive and hands-on). 75 h of instruction in 30 weekly sessions and 1-day workshop. | 8 months | Baseline | Personal accomplishment | – |
8 months | Perceived stress | – | ||||||
Burnout | + | |||||||
CG: No intervention | Job-related tension | + | ||||||
Work productivity | + | |||||||
General health and mood | + | |||||||
Yuan [52] 2009 | 90 | Taiwan | Nurses | IG: Exercised on stair-stepper for 20-30 min per day (70–85% max heart rate), at least three times a week. | 3 months | Baseline | BMI | + |
3 months | Grip strength | + | ||||||
Flexibility | + | |||||||
Abdominal muscle durability | + | |||||||
CG: Performed usual work habits. | Back muscle durability | + | ||||||
Cardiopulmonary durability | + | |||||||
Blood pressure | – | |||||||
Cross-sectional | ||||||||
Geaney [14] 2011 | 100 | Ireland | Hospital employees consuming at least one meal in the hospital staff canteen daily | IG: Catering intervention, salt removed from tables, nutritional information display in cafeteria and encouraged to eat healthy foods. | 2 years | Over the 2 years | Energy intake | + |
Fat intake | + | |||||||
Salt intake | + | |||||||
Sugar intake | + | |||||||
CG: No intervention. |