How do Chinese people perceive their healthcare system? Trends and determinants of public satisfaction and perceived fairness, 2006–2019

Zhu, Yishan; Li, Yuanyuan; Wu, Ming; Fu, Hongqiao

doi:10.1186/s12913-021-07413-0

Table 3 Determinants of public satisfaction in health care, 2006, 2013, 2017

From: How do Chinese people perceive their healthcare system? Trends and determinants of public satisfaction and perceived fairness, 2006–2019

	2006			2013			2017
Variables	OR	95% CI	AME	OR	95% CI	AME	OR	95% CI	AME
Sociodemographic
Age	0.992	0.960—1.025	-0.001^c	1.014	0.984—1.044	0.002^a	1.000	0.973—1.028	0.001^b
Middle school or above	0.846^b	0.737—0.972	-0.036^b	0.921	0.804—1.055	-0.016	1.022	0.901—1.158	0.004
Male	0.896^c	0.798—1.007	-0.024^c	0.934	0.834—1.046	-0.013	0.981	0.879—1.094	-0.004
Married	0.994	0.834—1.183	-0.001	0.915	0.772—1.086	-0.017	0.841^b	0.714—0.991	-0.032^b
Employed	1.232^a	1.063—1.429	0.046^a	1.155^b	1.008—1.322	0.029^b	0.958	0.855—1.074	-0.008
Rural non-migrant	1.176^b	1.011—1.369	0.035^b	0.892	0.767—1.037	-0.023	0.947	0.826—1.085	-0.010
Rural migrant	1.101	0.918—1.321	0.021	1.006	0.877—1.155	0.001	0.911	0.799—1.039	-0.017
Self-rated social status	1.162^b	1.029—1.312	0.032^b	1.300^a	1.161—1.457	0.052^a	1.194^a	1.066—1.337	0.033^a
Q2	0.918	0.780—1.081	-0.018	0.926	0.788—1.089	-0.015	0.963	0.832—1.114	-0.007
Q3	0.964	0.815—1.141	-0.008	0.931	0.788—1.101	-0.014	0.912	0.788—1.057	-0.017
Q4	0.959	0.790—1.164	-0.009	0.910	0.759—1.090	-0.019	1.069	0.905—1.262	0.012
Central	1.051	0.820—1.346	0.011	0.804^b	0.674—0.960	-0.042^b	0.968	0.815—1.149	-0.006
West	1.566^a	1.140—2.150	0.095^a	0.672^a	0.532—0.848	-0.078^a	0.943	0.749—1.187	-0.011
Financial protection
Insured status	1.283^a	1.129—1.458	0.054^a	1.574^a	1.329—1.863	0.095^a	1.249^a	1.099—1.420	0.043^a
Experienced unbearable health expenditure	0.679^a	0.604—0.764	-0.085^a	0.718^a	0.638—0.807	-0.067^a	0.697^a	0.625—0.777	-0.070^a
Share of GHE in THE	0.966^a	0.946—0.987	-0.007^a	1.002	0.988—1.016	0.000	0.997	0.982—1.013	-0.001
Accessibility
Hospital Beds/1000	1.335^c	0.972—1.834	0.062^c	1.058	0.905—1.237	0.011	1.068	0.941—1.212	0.012
Health professionals/1000	1.020	0.848—1.225	0.004	1.081^a	1.021—1.145	0.015^a	0.978	0.883—1.083	-0.004
Perceived quality
Perceived medical safety	3.399^a	3.031—3.813	0.286^a	2.494^a	2.223—2.798	0.199^a	2.886^a	2.581—3.227	0.228^a
Province socioeconomic factors
Log GDP per capita	0.893	0.555—1.438	-0.024	0.382^a	0.265—0.549	-0.190^a	0.911	0.711—1.168	-0.018
Population over 65 years old	0.995	0.949—1.044	-0.001	1.091^a	1.042—1.143	0.017^a	0.993	0.952—1.035	-0.001
Log Gov spending per capita	0.707	0.387—1.292	-0.075	1.157	0.881—1.520	0.029	1.122	0.868—1.450	0.022
Observations	7,054			10,116			9,552

^a, ^b and ^c denote statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively. AME is the average marginal effect. Data is weighted to yield nationally representative estimates. An increase of quartile corresponds to a progressive increase in household income quartiles. Q1, the urban area and the east region are used as reference groups

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