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Table 4 Multivariate Analysis for Factors Associated with Total Hospital Charges in Gastric Cancer Patients (n = 86,430)

From: Ten-year trends of utilizing palliative care and palliative procedures in patients with gastric Cancer in the United States from 2009 to 2018 - a nationwide database study

Independent variable

Coefficient, β

Standard error

p-value

Year

-3875

216

<.0001

Palliative care consultation

−34,188

1385

<.0001

Palliative procedure

40,123

1251

<.0001

Age-group

− 5136

398

<.0001

Female

− 1648

878

0.0607

Race

 White (reference)

   

 Black

− 3169

1304

0.0151

 Hispanic

6353

1422

<.0001

 Asian/Pacific Islander

6023

1885

0.0014

 Other

8225

2213

0.0002

Primary payer

 Private insurance (reference)

   

 Medicare

− 260

1199

0.8282

 Medicaid

− 4413

1489

0.0030

 Uninsured

− 7770

2649

0.0034

 No charge

− 3571

6607

0.5888

 Other

− 4259

2730

0.1188

Severity of illness: APR-DRG

37,626

692

<.0001

Number of diagnoses

3422

93

<.0001

Died in hospitals

20,577

17,44

<.0001

Quartile of median income by zip code

393

426

0.3558

Hospital bed size

 Large (reference)

   

 Small

−20,159

1514

<.0001

 Medium

−12,811

1244

<.0001

Hospital location and teaching status

 Urban-teaching (reference)

   

 Rural

−39,661

2084.02

<.0001

 Urban-nonteaching

− 9499.56

1237.25

<.0001

Hospital region

 South (reference)

   

 Northeast

10,463

1877

<.0001

 Midwest

−14,660

1754

<.0001

 West

30,606

1840

<.0001

  1. APR-DRG all patient refined-diagnosis-related group