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Table 2 Multivariate Analysis for Factors Associated with Utilization of Palliative Care Consultation in Gastric Cancer (n = 86,430)

From: Ten-year trends of utilizing palliative care and palliative procedures in patients with gastric Cancer in the United States from 2009 to 2018 - a nationwide database study

Independent variable

Odds ratio

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

P-value

Year

1.08

1.07

1.09

<.0001

Age-group

1.07

1.05

1.09

<.0001

Female

1.26

1.20

1.32

<.0001

Race

 White (reference)

1.00

   

 Black

1.03

0.97

1.11

0.3455

 Hispanic

1.21

1.12

1.30

<.0001

 Asian/Pacific Islander

1.11

1.01

1.22

0.0384

 Other

1.11

0.98

1.24

0.0895

Primary payer

 Private insurance (reference)

1.00

   

 Medicare

0.75

0.70

0.80

<.0001

 Medicaid

1.19

1.10

1.29

<.0001

Uninsured

1.08

0.94

1.25

0.2619

No charge

0.79

0.52

1.19

0.2552

Other

1.80

1.59

2.04

<.0001

Severity of illness: APR-DRG

1.27

1.22

1.32

<.0001

Number of diagnoses

1.07

1.07

1.08

<.0001

In-hospital death

6.01

5.64

6.40

<.0001

Quartile of median income by zip code

1.02

1.00

1.05

0.0500

Hospital bed size

 Large (reference)

1.00

   

 Small

0.83

0.77

0.89

<.0001

 Medium

0.99

0.93

1.05

0.7938

Hospital location and teaching status

 Urban-teaching (reference)

1.00

   

 Rural

0.78

0.70

0.87

<.0001

 Urban-nonteaching

0.87

0.82

0.92

<.0001

Hospital region

 South (reference)

    

 Northeast

1.01

0.93

1.10

0.8382

 Midwest

1.02

0.95

1.11

0.5550

 West

1.05

0.97

1.13

0.2439

  1. CI Confidence Interval, APR-DRG all patient refined-diagnosis-related group