Table 2 Participant characteristics and mean subscale scores of the 8-item ACE Measure for each subgroup (N = 400)
Characteristics | n | % | Commitment (Mean ± SD) | Navigation (Mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 18.4 ± 3.2 | 17.2 ± 3.2 | ||
Age group | ||||
21-39 | 112 | 28.0 | 17.9 ± 3.6 | 17.1 ± 3.7 |
40-59 | 181 | 45.3 | 18.5 ± 3.1 | 17.3 ± 2.9 |
60-74 | 90 | 22.5 | 19.1 ± 3.0** | 17.6 ± 3.1 |
75&above | 17 | 4.3 | 18.1 ± 2.5 | 15.8 ± 3.5 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 200 | 50.0 | 18.4 ± 3.4 | 17.2 ± 3.1 |
Female | 200 | 50.0 | 18.5 ± 3.1 | 17.3 ± 3.4 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Chinese | 289 | 72.3 | 18.3 ± 3.3 | 17.2 ± 3.3 |
Malay | 32 | 8.0 | 18.4 ± 3.2 | 16.9 ± 3.6 |
Indian | 72 | 18.0 | 19.1 ± 3.1 | 17.5 ± 3.1 |
Others | 7 | 1.8 | 17.6 ± 3.0 | 18.8 ± 0.9 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 103 | 25.8 | 18.0 ± 3.5 | 16.5 ± 3.6 |
Married | 248 | 62.0 | 18.6 ± 3.1 | 17.5 ± 3.0 |
Divorced /widowed | 49 | 12.3 | 18.9 ± 3.0 | 17.4 ± 3.4 |
Highest education attained | ||||
No formal education | 13 | 3.3 | 17.2 ± 3.0 | 14.4 ± 3.2 |
Primary | 28 | 7.0 | 17.9 ± 3.1 | 17.0 ± 2.3* |
Secondary | 122 | 30.5 | 18.3 ± 3.2 | 17.2 ± 3.2** |
Post-secondary and above | 237 | 59.3 | 18.6 ± 3.3 | 17.4 ± 3.3** |
Living alone | ||||
No | 370 | 92.5 | 18.5 ± 3.2 | 17.3 ± 3.2 |
Yes | 30 | 7.5 | 17.6 ± 3.8 | 16.2 ± 3.6 |
Money sufficiency | ||||
Sufficient | 343 | 85.8 | 18.5 ± 3.2 | 17.3 ± 3.2 |
Insufficient | 57 | 14.3 | 18.0 ± 3.4 | 17.0 ± 3.4 |
Self-perceived health | ||||
Not as good | 26 | 6.5 | 15.1 ± 4.4 | 16.9 ± 3.1 |
Do not know | 29 | 7.3 | 17.6 ± 3.6* | 16.4 ± 3.3 |
As good | 160 | 40.0 | 18.1 ± 2.7** | 16.7 ± 3.2 |
Better | 185 | 46.2 | 19.3 ± 3.0** | 17.8 ± 3.2 |