Table 3 Definitions of the four dimensions of job performance based on Koopmans et al.’s review (2011)

Task performance

Has a direct relationship to an organisational technical core and refers to direct or indirect activities that are formally part of a worker’s job

Contextual performance

Maintains the broader organisational, social, and psychological environments in which a technical core must function

Adaptive performance

The extent to which an individual adapts to changes in work systems or work roles

Counterproductive work behaviour

Behaviour that is harmful to the well-being of an organisation