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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for Demographic and Health-Related Variables by Outcome and Access Status

From: Aging through the time of COVID-19: a survey of self-reported healthcare access

Variable

Access to health care provider

 

Access to medications

 

Received (n = 263)

Not received (n = 205)

 

Received (n = 703)

Not received (n = 51)

 

M ± SD or n (%)

M ± SD or n (%)

Pa

M ± SD or n (%)

M ± SD or n (%)

Pa

Age

63.66 ± 8.13

61.66 ± 6.89

.006

63.60 ± 7.60

61.22 ± 7.47

.03

Sex

  

.15

  

.39

 Female

228 (54.9)

187 (45.1)

 

618 (92.9)

47 (7.1)

 

 Male

34 (65.4)

18 (34.6)

 

83 (95.4)

4 (4.6)

 

Race

  

.37

  

.97

 White

245 (55.7)

195 (44.3)

 

667 (93.2)

49 (6.8)

 

 Other

15 (65.2)

8 (34.8)

 

28 (93.3)

2 (6.7)

 

Education

  

.20

  

.34

 Some college or less

58 (55.2)

47 (44.8)

 

169 (90.9)

17 (9.1)

 

 College graduate

76 (50.7)

74 (49.3)

 

209 (93.3)

15 (6.7)

 

 Advanced degree

124 (60.2)

82 (39.8)

 

313 (94.3)

19 (5.7)

 

Employed

  

.35

  

.41

 Yes

115 (53.7)

99 (46.3)

 

300 (94.0)

19 (6.0)

 

 No

144 (58.1)

104 (41.9)

 

394 (92.5)

32 (7.5)

 

Married (or unmarried) couple

  

.26

  

.47

 Yes

168 (58.1)

121 (41.9)

 

448 (93.7)

30 (6.3)

 

 No

94 (52.8)

84 (47.2)

 

254 (92.4)

21 (7.6)

 

Annual household income

  

.17

  

.005

  <  50 K

67 (50.0)

67 (50.0)

 

181 (88.7)

23 (11.3)

 

 50 K < 100 K

98 (58.3)

70 (41.7)

 

278 (93.9)

18 (6.1)

 

  > 100 K

89 (60.5)

58 (39.5)

 

218 (96.5)

8 (3.5)

 

Has caregiving responsibilities

  

.45

  

.009

 Yes

128 (54.5)

107 (45.5)

 

321 (90.7)

33 (9.3)

 

 No

135 (57.9)

98 (42.1)

 

382 (95.5)

18 (4.5)

 

Health related variables

 Self-perceived health

3.95 ± 0.76

3.78 ± 0.76

.02

3.98 ± 0.76

3.75 ± 0.91

.08

 Sum of chronic health conditions

2.74 ± 1.87

2.54 ± 1.91

.25

2.63 ± 1.68

2.96 ± 2.13

.28

 UCLA loneliness

48.63 ± 8.86

52.14 ± 9.07

.00003

48.84 ± 8.94

52.10 ± 9.97

.01

 PROMIS social isolation

49.62 ± 8.92

52.77 ± 8.45

.0001

49.49 ± 8.85

54.27 ± 8.51

.0002

Has a primary care provider

  

.0002

  

.0001

 Yes

253 (58.7)

178 (41.3)

 

672 (94.0)

43 (6.0)

 

 No

9 (25.7)

26 (74.3)

 

27 (77.1)

8 (22.9)

 
  1. Note. The response options for self-perceived health range from 1 = very bad to 5 = very good. The observed scores ranged from 50 to 87 for age, 0 to 10 for sum of chronic conditions, 25 to 79 for UCLA loneliness, and 34.8 to 74.2 for PROMIS social isolation
  2. aIs the p value for the independent-samples t test for numeric variables and the chi-square test of association for categorical variables, each assessing differences between the two outcome categories for each demographic and health-related variable