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Table 3 Discounted outcomes for the intervention group (MBR) and control group in the baseline (2 years) and follow-up periods (2 years) with the respective difference-in-difference (DiD) estimator and its standard error (SE)

From: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a chronic back pain multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation (MBR) compared to standard care for privately insured in Germany

 

MBR (n =111)

Control (n=112)

DiD Estimation

Item

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

ATTa

SE

Total cost (€)

16630

14829

15837

14816

-781

2862

Back pain-related cost (€)

3454

2215

2748

2666

-1157*

570

Inpatient cost – back pain (€)

918

257

427

521

-755*

335

Outpatient cost – back pain (€)

2536

1958

2321

2145

-402

432

Sick leave in last 6 months due to back painb

31.3

18.44

31.3

36

-17.5**

3.57

Overall health status (EQ-5D)b

0.604

0.678

0.604

0.632

0.046*

0.01

  1. † < 0.1; * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.0001
  2. a Average treatment effect for the treated (ATT) represents the discounted mean differences in outcome
  3. b These results were not calculated with a DiD regression but with an ANCOVA