Table 3 Key informant perceptions on the pharmaceutical sector transparency
Scope/Function | General Problems | Ethical Problems | Solutions |
|---|---|---|---|
Registration | -The generality of the laws -Incomplete and outdated laws -Conflict of interest | -Illegal payments -bribery | -Needs assessment -Clarifying conflicts of interest -Precise and detailed rules -Elimination of bureaucracy |
Licensing | -Pharmacy monopoly -Centralism -Lack of consistency of processes -Conflicts of interest | conflicts of interest | -Transparency of laws -transparency of processes -Informing adequately - Breaking the monopoly (new productions) |
Inspection | - Conflicts of interest -Legal weakness to support the inspector -Non-implementation of GMP | - Corruption | -Standardization -Inspector rotation -Declaring Conflict of interest |
promotion | - Unlawful advertising - Conflicts of interest | -leisure trips offer | -Strategic purchasing -Advertising based on scientific evidence -Controlling physicians’ prescribing behavior -Requiring pharmacists to deliver generic medicines -Tracking effects of physician prescribing -Publicizing committee decisions -Clarifying committee criteria -Clarifying The standards -Develop a framework for advertising |
selection | -Similar and multiple medicines Apply -Apply personal beliefs -medicine pharmacopeia list defect -Conflict of interest -Lack of essential medicines list | -Hidden powers to manipulating the list -Hoarding | - Transparency -Creating a local pharmacopeia |
Clinical trial | - Failure to register and publish clinical trials - Non-registration of conflicts of interest | -Financial support -Sufficient and skilled manpower - Enhancing the power of clinical trial committees -Decentralization -Declaring conflicts of interest | |
Procurement | -Lack of transparent purchases -Imbalance power between companies - Conflicts of interest | -Dumping -Hoarding -Gifts (bribes) - Collusion and disputes between people | -National oversight system -Automation and online applications -Medicine tracking -Oversight of production |
Distribution | -Corruption and misuse of subsidized medicines -Lack of electronic ordering system -Not Transparent medicine distribution -Lack of intelligent system -Lack of public reporting and performance reporting | - Companies gifts -Smuggling | -Transparent National Drug Supply and Distribution Information System -Designing of an online information system -Reduction of bureaucracy -preparation and distribution of high-quality drugs |