Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics of high-cost users and non-high-cost users admitted to the ICU
Variable | High-cost (n = 37,006) | Non-high-cost (n = 333,055) | Standardized Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (95% CI) | |||
Age categories, n (%) | 64.2 (64.0–64.3) | 66.1 (66.1–66.2) | 0.12 |
 18–49 | 6108 (16.5%) | 49,482 (14.9%) | 0.05 |
 50–64 | 10,539 (28.5%) | 88,305 (26.5%) | 0.04 |
 65–79 | 14,211 (38.4%) | 119,934 (36.0%) | 0.05 |
 80+ | 6148 (16.6%) | 75,334 (22.6%) | 0.15 |
Male, n (%) | 21,586 (58.3%) | 190,402 (57.2%) | 0.02 |
Neighbourhood income quintile, n (%) | |||
 Lowest | 9761 (26.4%) | 80,545 (24.2%) | 0.05 |
 Low | 8157 (22.0%) | 71,908 (21.6%) | 0.01 |
 Middle | 6945 (18.8%) | 65,409 (19.6%) | 0.02 |
 High | 6187 (16.7%) | 59,141 (17.8%) | 0.03 |
 Highest | 5783 (15.6%) | 54,845 (16.5%) | 0.02 |
 Missing | 173 (0.5%) | 1207 (0.4%) | 0.02 |
Rurality, n(%) | |||
 Urban | 32,944 (89.0%) | 281,388 (84.5%) | 0.13 |
 Rural | 3990 (10.8%) | 51,218 (15.4%) | 0.14 |
 Missing | 72 (0.2%) | 449 (0.1%) | 0.01 |
Charlson comorbidity index score, n (%) | |||
 0–1 | 14,145 (38.2%) | 180,796 (54.3%) | 0.33 |
 2 | 7603 (20.5%) | 59,499 (17.9%) | 0.07 |
 3+ | 15,258 (41.2%) | 92,760 (27.9%) | 0.28 |
Chronic conditions (by diagnosis), n (%) | |||
 Hypertension | 19,527 (52.8%) | 162,938 (48.9%) | 0.08 |
 Diabetes | 14,145 (38.2%) | 101,914 (30.6%) | 0.16 |
 Cancer | 11,452 (30.9%) | 99,125 (29.8%) | 0.03 |
 Osteoarthritis | 10,814 (29.2%) | 92,475 (27.8%) | 0.03 |
 Renal Failure | 9277 (25.1%) | 44,061 (13.2%) | 0.30 |
 CHF | 8085 (21.8%) | 59,452 (17.9%) | 0.10 |
 CAD | 7041 (19.0%) | 73,569 (22.1%) | 0.08 |
 Mental Health | 6196 (16.7%) | 43,747 (13.1%) | 0.10 |
 COPD | 5372 (14.5%) | 46,505 (14.0%) | 0.02 |
 Arrhythmia | 4517 (12.2%) | 39,370 (11.8%) | 0.01 |
 Stroke | 2555 (6.9%) | 14,448 (4.3%) | 0.11 |
 Asthma | 2418 (6.5%) | 20,378 (6.1%) | 0.02 |
 MI | 1116 (3.0%) | 14,499 (4.4%) | 0.07 |
Number of hospital admissions pre-ICU admission | |||
 0 | 22,576 (61.0%) | 233,725 (70.2%) | 0.19 |
 1 | 7772 (21.0%) | 63,017 (18.9%) | 0.05 |
 2+ | 6658 (18.0%) | 36,313 (10.9%) | 0.2 |
Number of ED visits pre-ICU admission | |||
 0 | 17,151 (46.3%) | 172,423 (51.8%) | 0.11 |
 1 | 8793 (23.8%) | 77,267 (23.2%) | 0.01 |
 2+ | 11,062 (30.0%) | 83,365 (25.0%) | 0.11 |