Table 4 Composition of each inappropriate category
From: Analysis of the potential inappropriate use of medications in pediatric outpatients in China
overdosing | improper administration frequency | improper administration routes | contraindication | improper diluent volume | medication not allowed for pediatric patients | improper drug combination | repeated administration | indication-related off-label drug use | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
year | ||||||||||
2019 | 75.68% | 63.97% | 46.36% | 97.22% | 91.67% | 74.54% | 62.90% | 64.60% | 67.10% | 67.62% |
2020 | 24.32% | 36.03% | 53.64% | 2.78% | 8.33% | 25.46% | 37.10% | 35.40% | 32.90% | 32.38% |
Age groups, years | ||||||||||
< 2 | 9.97% | 18.14% | 15.13% | 0.00% | 10.42% | 3.55% | 0.00% | 2.65% | 15.31% | 14.98% |
2–5 | 57.72% | 33.52% | 38.12% | 0.00% | 46.53% | 8.20% | 1.61% | 12.68% | 31.96% | 34.85% |
6–11 | 26.91% | 22.48% | 24.90% | 25.00% | 35.94% | 22.77% | 32.26% | 32.15% | 20.96% | 22.12% |
12–17 | 5.39% | 25.86% | 21.84% | 75.00% | 7.12% | 65.48% | 66.13% | 52.51% | 31.77% | 28.06% |
categories by the ATC drug classification | ||||||||||
AIA | 0.23% | 1.21% | 5.94% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 6.24% | 72.58% | 4.42% | 0.81% | 0.98% |
ATM | 0.22% | 1.98% | 2.11% | 63.89% | 0.17% | 10.65% | 1.61% | 0.00% | 12.24% | 8.86% |
BLD | 0.06% | 0.88% | 8.62% | 0.00% | 1.04% | 0.00% | 8.06% | 1.77% | 6.05% | 4.36% |
CVS | 0.47% | 3.58% | 0.38% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.37% | 4.84% | 1.47% | 3.98% | 3.41% |
DRM | 0.00% | 0.57% | 0.57% | 22.22% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.29% | 7.00% | 4.87% |
GEN | 0.05% | 0.08% | 0.77% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 16.40% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.17% | 0.33% |
HRM | 1.32% | 0.13% | 11.69% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 8.55% | 0.86% | 0.88% |
INF | 5.35% | 8.96% | 9.77% | 0.00% | 92.53% | 20.69% | 11.29% | 0.59% | 16.34% | 14.33% |
MSK | 0.09% | 0.24% | 0.00% | 5.56% | 0.00% | 18.97% | 0.00% | 2.06% | 0.85% | 0.85% |
NRV | 5.03% | 15.95% | 0.19% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 24.97% | 0.00% | 5.60% | 6.13% | 7.87% |
RES | 78.36% | 34.45% | 49.04% | 0.00% | 0.35% | 0.12% | 1.61% | 74.93% | 36.29% | 40.15% |
SNS | 0.00% | 0.68% | 9.20% | 8.33% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.29% | 2.81% | 2.10% |
TCM | 8.77% | 31.24% | 0.96% | 0.00% | 5.90% | 0.49% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 5.92% | 10.61% |
Others | 0.04% | 0.05% | 0.77% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 1.10% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.54% | 0.40% |