Table 1 Participant characteristics (n = 402)

Sex

Female

214

53.23

Male

188

46.77

Age

65~

225

55.97

75~

141

35.07

85~

32

7.96

95~

4

0.10

Marital status

Married

385

95.77

Single/divorced/widowed

17

4.23

Education level

Junior high school and below

279

69.40

High school and college

98

24.38

Undergraduate

18

4.48

Graduate student and above

7

1.74

Household income per month (Yuan)

<1000

84

20.90

1000~

125

31.09

3000~

102

25.37

5000~

91

22.64

Residence

City

168

41.79

Town

73

18.16

Rural

161

40.05

Preretirement occupation

Worker

112

27.86

Farmer

181

45.02

Enterprise (business) unit

22

5.47

Individual household

58

14.43

Military

14

3.48

Medical and nursing personnel

11

2.74

No fixed work

4

1.00

With or without a caregiver

With

352

87.56

Without

50

12.44

If there is a caregiver, the caregiver is

Spouse

136

33.83

Children

191

47.51

Other

75

18.66

Religion

With

59

14.68

Without

343

85.32

Ethnic group

Han Chinese

374

93.03

Other

28

6.97

Medical insurance

Yes

374

93.03

No

28

6.97

Living situation

Living alone

39

9.70

Living with spouse only

135

33.58

Living with more than one person

228

56.72

Disease type

Chronic lung disease

38

9.45

Cancer

16

3.98

Diabetes mellitus

42

10.45

Heart disease

68

16.92

Kidney disease

5

1.24

Stroke

33

8.21

Hypertension

117

29.10

Other disease

83

20.65