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Table 1 Health care resource utilization of children identified with suspected or proven infection in the selected study sites

From: Out of pocket costs and time/productivity losses for pediatric sepsis in Uganda: a mixed-methods study

Variables

Private Sector

Public Sector (Regional Referral Hospital)

Overall

N = 153

Mbarara

N = 31

Mbarara

N = 19

Jinja

N = 50

Masaka

N = 53

A. Ambulatory visits prior to primary hospitalization

 Visited health facility or care provider, n (%)

2 (6)

3 (16)

7 (14)

13 (25)

25 (16)

 Common reasons for the visit, n (%)

  ▪ Cough

2 (6)

3 (6)

5 (3)

  ▪ Diarrhea

1 (2)

2 (4)

3 (2)

  ▪ Fever

3 (16)

5 (9)

8 (5)

  ▪ Vomiting

1 (2)

1 (1)

  ▪ Other (Anemia, skin rash, oedema)

5 (10)

3 (6)

8 (5)

 Type of health facility, n (%)

  ▪ Public

2 (11)

6 (12)

11 (21)

19 (12)

  ▪ Private not for profit

2 (6)

1 (5)

1 (2)

2 (4)

6 (4)

 Level of health facility, n (%)

  ▪ Health Centre III

2 (11)

3 (6)

9 (17)

14 (10)

  ▪ Health Centre IV

3 (6)

3 (6)

6 (4)

  ▪ Clinic

2 (6)

1 (5)

1 (2)

1 (2)

5 (3)

B. Primary hospitalization

 Type of health facility, n (%)

  ▪ Public

19 (100)

50 (100)

53 (100)

122 (80)

  ▪ Private not for profit

31 (100)

31 (20)

Transport to- and from health facility (Multiple response: more than one option was applicable)

 Mode of transport, n (%)

  ▪ Public taxi / Boda-boda

27 (87)

17 (89)

47 (94)

40 (75)

131 (86)

  ▪ Personal vehicle / Boda-boda

1 (3)

1 (5)

6 (11)

8 (5)

  ▪ Neighbor’s vehicle

1 (2)

1 (1)

  ▪ Hospital ambulance

1 (3)

1 (1)

  ▪ Other (motorcycle, relative’s vehicle, special hire)

2 (6)

1 (5)

3 (6)

6 (11)

12 (8)

Meals purchased during hospitalization (Multiple response: more than one option was applicable)

 Persons purchased meals, n (%)

  ▪ Child hospitalized

22 (71)

15 (79)

45 (90)

40 (75)

122 (80)

  ▪ Accompanying parents or family member

27 (87)

19 (100)

48 (96)

48 (91)

142 (93)

  ▪ Other (sibling of hospitalized child, neighbor)

13 (42)

8 (42)

3 (6)

2 (4)

26 (17)

Productivity losses due to hospitalization of the child (Multiple response: more than one option was applicable)

 Persons missed daily wages, n (%)

  ▪ Mother only

19 (61)

11 (58)

23 (46)

21 (40)

74 (48)

  ▪ Father only

1 (5)

10 (20)

1 (2)

12 (8)

  ▪ Both parents

11 (35)

7 (37)

9 (18)

27 (18)

  ▪ Other family member / relative

1 (3)

5 (10)

6 (4)

 Occupation of persons who missed wages, n (%)

  ▪ Skilled worker

2 (4)

9 (17)

11 (7)

  ▪ Non-skilled worker

1 (3)

1 (2)

1 (2)

3 (2)

  ▪ Farming or agriculture

6 (19)

6 (32)

19 (38)

5 (32)

36 (24)

  ▪ Private business

13 (42)

7 (37)

17 (34)

10 (37)

47 (31)

  ▪ Employed

6 (19)

5 (10)

11 (7)

  ▪ More than one occupation

5 (16)

6 (32)

4 (8)

6 (11)

21 (14)

Hired someone on daily wages to take care of child or complete household chores, n (%)

13 (42)

11 (58)

1 (2)

1 (2)

26 (17)

C. Post-discharge referral and follow-up care

 Child referred to lower level health facility for follow-up care, n (%)

24 (77)

18 (95)

34 (68)

27 (51)

103 (67)

 Children sought follow-up care, n (%)

20 (65)

16 (84)

30 (60)

22 (42)

88 (58)

 Type of health facility, n (%)

  ▪ Public

7 (23)

13 (68)

25 (50)

22 (42)

67 (44)

  ▪ Private not for profit

13 (42)

3 (16)

5 (10)

21 (14)

 Level of health facility or care provider, n (%)

  ▪ Facility health worker

20 (65)

16 (84)

27 (54)

18 (34)

81 (53)

  ▪ VHT

2 (4)

4 (8)

6 (4)

  ▪ Other

1 (2)

1 (1)

 Child readmitted to a health facility, n (%)

5 (16)

6 (32)

12 (24)

7 (13)

30 (20)

 Completed laboratory tests or imaging, n (%)

12 (39)

7 (37)

1 (2)

1 (2)

21 (14)

 Purchased medical supplies or equipment, n (%)

1 (3)

1 (5)

5 (10)

1 (2)

8 (5)

 Purchased medications, n (%)

10 (32)

5 (26)

12 (24)

11 (21)

38 (25)

D. Financial burden to families

 Had to sell household assets, n (%)

14 (45)

15 (79)

9 (18)

10 (19)

48 (31)

 Types of assets sold

  ▪ Electronics

2 (6)

2 (11)

2 (4)

2 (4)

8 (5)

  ▪ Furniture

1 (3)

1 (5)

2 (1.3)

  ▪ Land

1 (5)

1 (2)

2 (1.3)

  ▪ Animals

11 (35)

8 (42)

4 (8)

5 (9)

28 (18)

  ▪ Birds

2 (11)

6 (12)

2 (4)

10 (7)

  ▪ Other (food, utensils, business stocks)

1 (3)

3 (16)

5 (10)

1 (2)

10 (7)