Economic perspective | Clinical setting | Main results (95%CI) APP care compared to UMC | No. of participants (RCTs & Obs) | Quality of included studies based on EPHPP (no. of studies) | Certainty (GRADE) | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health care costs | Primary, emergency, orthopaedic & paediatric care | Costs per patient were 139.08 € lower (12.23 to 265.93) with APP care | 7648 (4 RCTs & 2 Obs) | Strong: 1 Moderate: 4 Weak: 1 | Low (1, 2, 4, 5) | Evidence suggests that health care costs per patient are lower with APP care than UMC. Costs difference is large but uncertain, as cost is higher with APP care in emergency care. |
Patient costs | Emergency & orthopaedic care | Costs per patient were 29.24 € higher (0.53 to 57.95) with APP care | 1485 (3 RCTs) | Moderate: 3 | Low (2, 3) | Evidence suggests that patient costs per patient are significantly higher with APP care compared to UMC. Costs difference is small. |
Productivity losses | Emergency & orthopaedic care | Costs per patient were 590 € higher (− 100 to 1280) with APP care | 819 (2 RCTs) | Strong: 1 Moderate: 1 | Very low (2, 3, 4) | Evidence is very uncertain |
Secondary analysis | APP care compared to nurse practitioners care | |||||
Health care costs | Primary & emergency care | Costs per patient were 136.88 € lower (90.16 to 183.6) with APP care | 2613 (1 RCT & 1 Obs) | Moderate: 2 | Low (1, 2, 4, 5) | Evidence suggests that health care costs per patient is lower with APP care than nurse practitioners care |