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Table 3 Descriptive statistics for the sample patients by period

From: Did the universal zero-markup drug policy lower healthcare expenditures? Evidence from Changde, China

 

Inpatient sample (n = 27,246)

Outpatient sample (n = 48,282)

Mean (SD)

Pre-UZMDP period

Post-UZMDP period

P-value

Pre-UZMDP period

Post-UZMDP period

P-value

Number of annual visits

2.05 (1.79)

1.91 (1.59)

<0.001

3.69 (4.15)

3.82 (4.02)

<0.001

Annual aggregate expenditures

16,881.17 (29,010.76)

15,679.98 (28,429.88)

0.001

1,274.00 (4,762.41)

1,377.18 (5,195.01)

0.023

Annual drug expenditures

4,442.70 (7,808.90)

7,879.65 (17,259.80)

<0.001

213.24 (396.81)

702.83 (2,939.00)

<0.001

Annual diagnosis expenditures

1,447.27 (4,017.63)

1,699.53 (4,984.45)

<0.001

47.63 (137.76)

56.73 (153.43)

<0.001

Annual laboratory expenditures

968.76 (1,320.86)

1,042.90 (1,408.13)

<0.001

21.66 (91.28)

20.18 (83.95)

0.064

Annual medical consumables expenditures

818.19 (3,172.11)

890.41 (3,342.08)

0.067

9.81 (110.17)

15.81 (129.65)

<0.001