Table 1 Participants’ socio-demographics and means of “average patient safety culture percentage across all composites”
Number | % | Mean (SD) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Health Region | < .001 | |||
1 | 1665 | 25.2 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
2 | 1274 | 19.3 | 3.38 (0.41) | |
3 | 1136 | 17.2 | 3.38 (0.42) | |
4 | 765 | 11.6 | 3.47 (0.35) | |
5 | 1762 | 26.7 | 3.45 (0.38) | |
PHC | ||||
Specialised vs non-specialised clinics | .006 | |||
Specialised | 916 | 13.9 | 3.39 (0.38) | |
Non-specialised | 5686 | 86.1 | 3.43 (0.40) | |
Size | < .001 | |||
< 51 | 352 | 5.3 | 3.54 (0.38) | |
51–100 | 1440 | 21.8 | 3.42 (0.41) | |
> 100 | 4810 | 72.9 | 3.41 (0.39) | |
Clinical support services | .082 | |||
With lab | 5034 | 76.2 | 3.42 (0.39) | |
With lab & radiology | 883 | 13.4 | 3.44 (0.41) | |
Without lab & radiology | 685 | 10.4 | 3.42 (0.41) | |
Location | .002 | |||
Urban | 5425 | 82.2 | 3.43 (0.40) | |
Suburban | 1149 | 17.4 | 3.39 (0.39) | |
Rural | 28 | 0.4 | 3.47 (0.40) | |
Participants | ||||
Gender | .511 | |||
Male | 1684 | 27.0 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
Female | 4549 | 73.0 | 3.42 (0.39) | |
Age | < .001 | |||
Below 30 years | 1072 | 17.1 | 3.38 (0.43) | |
30–45 years | 4017 | 64.3 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
46–55 years | 810 | 13.0 | 3.42 (0.39) | |
Over 55 years | 353 | 5.6 | 3.48 (0.39) | |
Language | < .001 | |||
Arabic | 3989 | 69.7 | 3.38 (0.43) | |
English | 1736 | 30.3 | 3.52 (0.29) | |
Nationality | < .001 | |||
Kuwaiti | 2881 | 46.6 | 3.36 (0.43) | |
Arabian | 1471 | 23.8 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
Asian | 1482 | 24.0 | 3.53 (0.29) | |
European/American | 13 | 0.2 | 3.50 (0.45) | |
Other | 339 | 5.5 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
Highest educational credential | < .001 | |||
Below high school | 341 | 5.8 | 3.38 (0.38) | |
High school | 727 | 12.3 | 3.39 (0.40) | |
Technical school | 537 | 9.1 | 3.40 (0.38) | |
University degree | 2081 | 35.3 | 3.44 (0.39) | |
Masters | 495 | 8.4 | 3.48 (0.40) | |
PhD/board certified | 178 | 3.0 | 3.46 (0.37) | |
Fellowship degree | 84 | 1.4 | 3.52 (0.38) | |
Other | 1459 | 24.7 | 3.39 (0.42) | |
Tenure with PHC | < .001 | |||
1 year to less than 3 years | 1702 | 27.5 | 3.44 (0.40) | |
3 years to less than 6 years | 1822 | 29.5 | 3.39 (0.41) | |
6 years to less than 11 years | 1457 | 23.6 | 3.44 (0.37) | |
11 years or more | 1205 | 19.5 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
Hours worked per week | < .001 | |||
1–4 | 163 | 2.7 | 3.17 (0.35) | |
5–16 | 460 | 7.6 | 3.28 (0.42) | |
17–24 | 198 | 3.3 | 3.34 (0.45) | |
25–32 | 755 | 12.4 | 3.39 (0.43) | |
33–40 | 2046 | 33.6 | 3.45 (0.41) | |
41 or more | 2463 | 40.5 | 3.46 (0.35) | |
Position | < .001 | |||
Primary Care Centre Head | 59 | 1.0 | 3.56 (0.29) | |
Trustee/Administrative Supervisor | 121 | 2.0 | 3.41 (0.42) | |
Receptionist/Medical Records | 907 | 15.0 | 3.32 (0.42) | |
Information Systems Officer/Secretariat | 295 | 4.9 | 3.35 (0.40) | |
Hotel Services Supervisor/Head of Cleaners | 57 | .9 | 3.41 (0.28) | |
Nursing | 1929 | 31.9 | 3.48 (0.33) | |
General Practitioner | 709 | 11.7 | 3.50 (0.38) | |
Family medicine | 191 | 3.2 | 3.43 (0.40) | |
Physician, other specialities | 213 | 3.5 | 3.47 (0.43) | |
Health Inspector | 100 | 1.7 | 3.47 (0.35) | |
Pharmacist | 334 | 5.5 | 3.38 (0.41) | |
Lab Doctor | 274 | 4.5 | 3.35 (0.48) | |
Technician | 625 | 10.3 | 3.34 (0.44) | |
Phlebotomist | 97 | 1.6 | 3.32 (0.46) | |
Other | 136 | 2.2 | 3.32 (0.51) | |
Department | < .001 | |||
Primary Care Clinics | 1545 | 25.7 | 3.45 (0.37) | |
Specialised clinics from the hospitals | 99 | 1.6 | 3.53 (0.39) | |
Preventive health | 234 | 3.9 | 3.52 (0.33) | |
Elderly health clinics | 30 | 0.5 | 3.36 (0.34) | |
School health clinics | 68 | 1.1 | 3.41 (0.48) | |
Dental | 602 | 10.0 | 3.41 (0.38) | |
Nursing | 1097 | 18.3 | 3.52 (0.29) | |
Pharmacy | 625 | 10.4 | 3.34 (0.44) | |
Laboratory | 679 | 11.3 | 3.32 (0.46) | |
Radiology/mammography/dental radiology | 57 | 0.9 | 3.55 (0.46) | |
Administrative | 282 | 4.7 | 3.36 (0.41) | |
Reception and medical records | 516 | 8.6 | 3.38 (0.43) | |
Hotel services | 28 | 0.5 | 3.35 (0.36) | |
Other | 142 | 2.4 | 3.35 (0.42) | |
Attended courses or lectures on patient safety | .052 | |||
Yes | 3505 | 60.7 | 3.43 (0.39) | |
No | 2269 | 39.3 | 3.41 (0.40) | |